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NCT Number: NCT07692568

VIDEO LEARNING FOR EMPATHY, ETHICS AND FAMILY WITNESSED RESUSCITATION

This clinical trial (randomized controlled experimental study) aims to learn about the effects of presenting the family-witnessed CPR process from a patient's perspective through 360° virtual reality and 2D video within second-year nursing students. The primary question(s) / hypotheses it aims to answer are:

* H1: Will the content validity ratio of the developed scenario be above 0.80? * H2: Is the increase in empathy scores (pre-test/post-test difference) of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher compared to the 2D video and control groups? * H3: Is the increase in ethical sensitivity scores of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher compared to the 2D video and control groups? * H4: Is the change in perception scores toward family-witnessed CPR more positive in the 360° VR group compared to the other groups, and is their mean SUS (System Usability Scale) score at or above the acceptability threshold of 70? * H5: Is the VES (Video Engagement Skale) score of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher than that of the 2D video group? Researchers will compare the 360° immersive video (360° VR) group, the 2-dimensional (2D) video group, and the control group to see if there are effects on empathy, ethical sensitivity, perception of risks-benefits of family presence, self-confidence regarding family presence, video engagement, and system usability.

Participants will be asked to:

* Watch the scenario reenactment involving a family-witnessed CPR process, recorded via a 360° camera (in either 360° VR or 2D format, depending on their assigned group). * Complete data collection tools consisting of the Introductory Information Form, "Jefferson Scale of Empathy", "Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire", "Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale and Family Presence Self-Confidence Scale", "System Usability Scale (SUS-TR)", and "Video Engagement Skale(VES)".

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Key information

Conditions

Family Witnessed Resuscitation Education Nursing Empathy Education Ethics Nursing

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being a second-year undergraduate nursing student
  • Volunteering to participate in the study and signing the informed consent form
  • Not having participated in a similar virtual reality or family-witnessed CPR study before

Exclusion criteria

  • Having a diagnosed neurological or psychiatric disorder that prevents using virtual reality glasses (such as epilepsy, severe vertigo, or motion sickness)
  • Having uncorrected visual or hearing impairments
  • Not completing all stages of the study (pre-test, intervention, or post-test)

Treatment and study plan

360 Degree Virtual Reality Video

Behavioral

Immersive 360-degree virtual reality video scenario of family-witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation presented from a patient perspective.

2D Standard Video

Behavioral

Standard 2-dimensional video scenario of family-witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation presented from a patient perspective.

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Jefferson Scale of Empathy Scores

    Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)

    This scale evaluates the nursing students empathy levels. Higher scores indicate higher empathy levels.

  2. Change in Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire Scores

    Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)

    This questionnaire evaluates the ethical sensitivity levels of nursing students. Higher scores indicate higher ethical sensitivity.

  3. Change in Family Presence Risk Benefit Scale and Family Presence Self Confidence Scale Scores

    Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)

    These scales evaluate students perceptions of the risks/benefits and their self-confidence regarding family presence during CPR.

  4. System Usability Scale Scores

    Time frame: Right after the intervention (Post-test)

    The System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluates the perceived usability of the 360 VR and 2D video systems. Higher scores indicate better usability.

  5. Video Engagement Scale Scores

    Time frame: Right after the intervention (Post-test)

    The Video Engagement Scale (VES) evaluates the video engagement and immersion levels of the students. Higher scores indicate higher engagement.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Fatma Ozder, MSc

CONTACT

[email protected]

+90 850 450 2828

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Kocaeli Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Other

Collaborators

  • Sakarya University

Registry information

Official study title

THE EFFECT OF A VIDEO BASED DIGITAL LEARNING INTERVENTION ON NURSING STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF EMPATHY, ETHICAL SENSITIVITY, AND FAMILY WITNESSED RESUSCITATION IN THEIR PATIENT PERSPECTIVE EXPERIENCES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2027
First posted
Jul 9, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 17, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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