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NCT Number: NCT07584512

Mosque-based Oral Health Intervention Using Solomon Design

This quasi-experimental study evaluates a mosque-based oral health education intervention ("Smile With Prophet", SWP) among adult male mosque attendees in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using a Solomon four-group design.

A total of 142 participants were enrolled across two mosques (intervention and control). The analytical sample comprises 80 adult male attendees (≥18 years) allocated to four groups: intervention and control, each with pretest-posttest and posttest-only arms (n=20 per group).

The SWP intervention consists of oral health education delivered through Friday sermons (khutbas), supported by educational leaflets and provision of miswak. Outcomes are measured at baseline and 3-week follow-up and include oral health knowledge (14-item questionnaire), self-reported tooth brushing practices (15-item questionnaire), and clinical plaque scores (Greene-Vermillion Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, reversed).

The primary objective is to evaluate the effect of the intervention on knowledge and plaque scores. The secondary objective is to assess self-reported practice changes.

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Key information

Conditions

Dental Plaque Accumulation Oral Hygiene Education

Age range

18 year–85 year

Sex eligibility

Male

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Angarzora Ahli Hadeeth Jame Masjid, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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About this study

Study design: Quasi-experimental study using a Solomon four-group design conducted in two mosques in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January and December 2022.

Participants: A total of 142 adult male mosque attendees (≥18 years) who attended three consecutive Friday congregational prayers were enrolled. Of these, 119 completed baseline assessment (pretest questionnaire and clinical plaque examination). Across the three-week study period, 80 participants completed all required follow-up assessments and are included in the final analysis (40 intervention, 40 control). Participants were allocated to four groups: intervention and control, each with pretest-posttest and posttest-only arms (n=20 per subgroup).

Intervention: The "Smile With Prophet" (SWP) intervention comprises: (1) oral health education delivered through Friday sermons (khutbas) integrating scientific evidence with Islamic teachings (Sunnah); (2) educational leaflets for take-home reinforcement; (3) provision of miswak (traditional tooth cleaning stick); and (4) a dental health campaign with clinical examination. The control group receives standard khutbas without oral health content; the intervention is provided after study completion.

Statistical analysis: Non-parametric tests will be used for data that are not normally distributed (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Mann-Whitney U tests will compare groups; Wilcoxon signed-rank tests will assess within-group changes; Kruskal-Wallis tests will compare all four Solomon groups simultaneously. The Solomon four-group design controls for pretest sensitisation. Attrition analysis will compare baseline characteristics of retained versus lost participants.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Respondent is willing to participate and gives consent.
  • Respondent is aged 18 years or older.
  • Respondent attends weekly congregation prayers at the selected mosque.

Exclusion criteria

  • Respondent is mentally unstable or unable to understand the intervention (e.g., too old or cognitively impaired).

Treatment and study plan

Smile With Prophet (SWP)

Behavioral

"Smile With the Prophet (pbuh)" (SWP) intervention is an intervention specially designed for this intervention study. Composed of the following: Khutba: 15-minute Friday sermon (khutba) delivered by the Imam, integrating evidence-based oral health messages with Islamic teachings on hygiene (Sunnah); each supported by several Qur'an verses (ayah), or Islamic faith-based decrees. The messages were developed through consultation involving Advisory Committee board consisting of Islamic scholars and public health professionals.

Booklet: A 4-page illustrated educational leaflet on proper tooth brushing technique and use of miswak, available in Bengali; Miswak & Toothbrush :Provision of a miswak (traditional tooth cleaning stick) and a soft-bristled toothbrush

Primary outcomes

  1. Clinical Plaque Score (Reversed)

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 1, pretested groups only) and 3-week follow-up (Week 3, all groups)

    Objective clinical measure of oral hygiene. Assessed using the Greene-Vermillion Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (reversed). Dental examiner evaluates plaque thickness along the gingival margin on four surfaces (distal, facial, mesial, lingual) of each tooth. Reversed score range 0-3. Higher reversed score indicates less plaque and better oral hygiene. This is the primary evidence of behavior change

  2. Oral Health Knowledge Score

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 1, pretested groups only) and 3-week follow-up (Week 3, all groups)

    Measured using a 14-item self-administered questionnaire assessing understanding of oral hygiene, tooth brushing frequency, miswak use, dietary effects on teeth, and gum health. Each correct answer scores 1 point. Total score range 0-14. Higher score indicates better knowledge.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Self-Reported Tooth Brushing Practice Score

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 1, pretested groups only) and 3-week follow-up (Week 3, all groups)

    Subjective self-report measure. Assessed using a 15-item questionnaire on tooth brushing frequency, duration, technique, coverage of tooth surfaces, and miswak use. Each appropriate practice scores 1 point. Range 0-15. Higher score indicates better self-reported practices. Subject to recall and social desirability bias.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Other

Registry information

Official study title

"Health Education Intervention on Tooth Brushing Among the Mosque Attendees

Important dates

Study start
2022
Primary completion
2022
Study completion
2022
First posted
May 13, 2026
Registry last updated
May 14, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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