Validity of Ozonated Olive Oil Gel Versus Injectable Bone Graft

Osstell enables precise and objective monitoring of osseointegration and implant stability through non-invasive measurements. A cable-connected probe requires a smart peg to be securely attached to the implant. When using the device, it should be held at a right angle to the implant, with a maximum deviation of 45 degrees and a distance of 0.6-2.5 mm from the test surface. The implant stability is measured using the ISQ scale, ranging from 1 to 100, where values above 70 indicate strong stability, 60-69 indicate medium stability, and lower values suggest lower stability. Measurements are taken immediately postoperatively and reassessed after 6 months for final stability confirmation.

Direct paralleling digital periapical radiographs were obtained using the KaVo Scan eXam™ One system and the Rinn extension cone paralleling device. The KaVo system employs a thin, flexible, wireless phosphorescent imaging plate, and the imaging plate size 2 has a specific active surface area and resolution. A long cone was attached to the x-ray tube, and fixed exposure parameters were applied throughout the study. Radiographic assessments occurred immediately post-operative and after 3 and 6 months. Image analysis utilized IDRISI Kilimanjaro software for restoration, enhancement, and densitometric measurements. This software uniquely monitored changes in bone density in two zones: the osseointegration zone near the implant border and the surrounding bone interface.

The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a widely utilized instrument for quantifying pain intensity in clinical settings. It features a 10-centimeter horizontal line marked at both ends to represent the range of possible pain experiences, where one end is typically labeled "no pain" and the opposite end may carry descriptors such as "unimaginably unspeakable pain." Patients are instructed to indicate their pain level by placing a mark on the line that corresponds to their current pain experience. The measurement in centimeters from the "no pain" endpoint to the patient's designated point provides a straightforward numerical representation of pain severity. This method is favored for its simplicity and its ability to yield quantifiable data, facilitating better pain assessment and management in various medical contexts.

Facial edema was assessed using a clinical grading scale based on visual inspection and palpation, classifying it into four severity categories: No Edema (normal contours and symmetry), Low-grade Edema (mild swelling without functional limitations), Intermediate-grade Edema (moderate swelling with visible asymmetry and slight discomfort), and High-grade Edema (pronounced swelling with evident asymmetry and significant functional interference).