Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT03614871

Snuff Use, Smoking, Periodontal Health and Premature Death: 30-year Study

Snuff use and smoking associated with poor periodontal health, especially if used together.

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Tobacco Use Behavior Calculi Mouth Diseases Pathological Conditions, Anatomical Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Periodontal Diseases Periodontitis Stomatognathic Diseases

Age range

30 year–40 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

About this study

Aim: The investigators investigated how snuff use and smoking affect periodontal health parameters and mortality in a Swedish cohort, hypothesizing that snuff use increases the risks.

Material and methods: Study cohort of 1 532 subjects aged 30 to 40 (758 men and 774 women) from Stockholm area was clinically examined and followed up from 1985 to 2015. Associations were analysed between periodontal health parameters, snuff use, smoking and age of death. For analyses, all subjects were classified into four groups: "dual-users" (current and ex-snuffers, current and ex-smokers); "pure snuffers" (current and ex-snuffers); "pure smokers" (non-snuffers, current and ex-smokers) and "non-users" (non-snuffers and non-smokers). Cross-tabulation, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • In 1985-1986 a sample was selected from the registry file of all inhabitants of the Stockholm area, of people born on the 20th of any month from 1945 to 1954.The sample comprised 3200 people. They were informed about the purpose of the study and called for clinical investigation. 1681 (52.5%) individuals, 840 men and 841 women, participated in the study. From the remaining 1519 non-respondents to the initial call, 100 randomly selected subjects, 45 men and 55 women, were reinformed and persuaded and finally agreed to participate in this investigation. They were used as a drop-out control sample.

Exclusion criteria

  • Other people

Treatment and study plan

Epidemiological study

Other

Primary outcomes

  1. Periodontal Pockets

    Time frame: 1985

    Dual users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had more ≥5mm deep periodontal pockets than non-users. Periodontal pockets were measured from all teeth and from six surfaces with a Hu-Friedy (PCPUNC 15) periodontal probe (Hu-friedy, Chicago, Ill., USA).

  2. Missing teeth

    Time frame: 1985

    Pure smokers had more likely missing teeth than subjects in other groups. Missing teeth were calculated my dentist in clinical examination.

  3. Gingival Index (GI)

    Time frame: 1985

    Dual-users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had higher GI scores than non-users. GI was scored from 0 (no gum bleeding) to 3 (abundant gum bleeding)

  4. Premature death

    Time frame: From year 1985 to year 2015

    Snuff users or smokers did not die earlier than non-users of the cohort in 30 years. The Swedish National Death Register listing the cumulated causes of all deaths was used in the analyses.

  5. Plaque Index (PI)

    Time frame: 1985

    Dual-users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had higher PI scores than non-users. PI was scored from 0 (no plaque) to 3 (abundant plaque)

  6. Calculus Index (CI)

    Time frame: 1985

    Dual-users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had higher CI scores than non-users. CI was scored from 0 (no calculus) to 3 (abundant calculus) according to Greene & Vermillion

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Helsinki

Other

Collaborators

  • Karolinska Institutet

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2016
Primary completion
2018
Study completion
2018
First posted
Aug 3, 2018
Registry last updated
Aug 3, 2018

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Related clinical trials

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.