Postoperative Pain Management of Caesarean Section

This is a prospective, observational, cohort study. Patients undergoing elective caesarean section will be invited to the study. The written informed consent will be obtained prior to participation. After getting the written informed consent, data will be collected from medical records, questionnaires, patient diaries, visit records and telephone visit records. Through telephone visits, postpartum depression scale and postpartum chronic pain will be evaluated six weeks and three months after delivery. Demographic data, consumption of analgesics, analgesic methods, intensity of postoperative pain, complications, recovery time, score of depression scale will all be summarized. Numerical variables will be present with mean and standard deviation and categorical variables will be present with number and percentage.

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 20 to 40.
• Planing to undergo caesarean section with spinal anesthesia.
• Scheduled to undergo cesarean section between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation.
• American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Class 1-2.
• Planing to alleviate postoperative pain with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia or administration of NALDEBAIN.

Exclusion criteria

• Not willing to provide informed consent.
• Unable to receive opioids or NSAIDs due to contraindication.
• Long-term use of opioids or drug abuse.
• Suffering from chronic pain disease.
• Having medical history of mental illnesses.
• Diagnosed with Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia.
• Diagnosed with gestational diabetes.
• Unsuitable for participation judged by investigator.