Periodontitis and Inflammation

Today, to understand pathogenic mechanisms involved in periodontitis and peri-implantitis remains a challenge to identify biomarkers or therapeutic targets to improve prevention and screening, as well as the effectiveness of periodontitis and peri-implantitis treatments. The aim is to characterize, in vivo, specific molecular markers reflecting the activity of the pathology, which could lead to

• improve the knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontitis and peri-implantitis;
• determine target molecules involved in tissue destruction;
• determine molecular profiles of patients at local and systemic risk;
• determine therapeutic targets

The research focuses on the characterization of the immuno-inflammatory response involved in periodontitis and peri-implantitis. A characterization of the mediators or cells involved will be performed from biological samples (gingival fluid, unstimulated saliva, gingival explants). The gingival fluid is composed of serum inflammatory exudate and inflammatory mediators produced locally in the periodontal pocket. Unstimulated saliva is a biological fluid composed in part of the gingival fluid that drains into it. It has the advantage of being easier to collect (larger quantity, collection by any health professional).

This is a non-interventional, cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective, open-label, non-randomized study to collect tissue, crevicular, salivary, and serum samples as part of the patient's routine care in oral medicine departments to form a biological collection. The samples and the clinical data of the patients (excel file with anonymized data and locked by a password) will be transferred to UMR1333 for their analysis.

Patients will be recruited in the oral medicine departments of AP-HP hospitals (Charles Foix (Ivry/seine) and Rothschild (Paris) by periodontists in three groups (cases = periodontitis or peri-implantitis and controls = healthy periodontium but patients requiring surgical care).

The time-line of the research is consistent with the usual patient management in oral medicine departments. Inclusion period is 60 months. There is no specific follow-up due to the research.

Gingival tissue sampling during surgery of patients will be performed after their inclusion.

Inclusion criteria

Common criteria for all patient groups

• Patient > 18 years old
• Patient affiliated to a social security system, beneficiary or beneficiary of a right other than AME
• Patient who speaks and understands French well enough to be able to read and understand the study information note.
• Patient who does not object to his participation in the study

Specific criteria:

• Case Periodontitis: Patient with localized or generalized periodontitis, stage 3 or 4. The diagnosis of periodontitis is based on the elements found during the interview and clinical examination

• Case peri-implantitis: Patients with at least 1 implant affected by peri-implantitis. Diagnosis is based on the findings of the interview, clinical examination and radiographic examination.

Control group:

Patient with gingival health on intact or reduced periodontium with no history of periodontitis or peri-implantitis and requiring surgical care such as dental avulsion and pre-prosthetic periodontal corrective/aesthetic surgeries (coronal elongation, neck alignment.)

Exclusion criteria

• Patients who have received antibiotic prophylaxis, antibiotic therapy, or anti-inflammatory treatment within 3 months prior to inclusion
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Patient included in another interventional research protocol or in a period of exclusion.
• Patients under guardianship, curatorship or legal protection.
• Patient having expressed his opposition to participate in the research