Mindfulness for Physical Activity Research Project

Assessed using qualitative data gained through a focus group.

Measured using the Physical Activity Acceptance Questionnaire (PAAQ). The PAAQ is a 10-item measure, rated on a seven-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (never true) to 7 (always true), with higher scores indicating higher tolerance for physical activity-related discomfort. Subscales include cognitive acceptance (e.g., "If I have the thought 'exercising today won't be enjoyable', it derails me from my exercise plan") and behavioural commitment (e.g., "Even if I have the desire to stop while I am exercising, I can still follow my exercise plan").

Assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ is a 7-item measure, giving a result in multiples of resting metabolic rate (MET), with higher MET minute values indicating more physical activity. It assesses moderate-intensity physical activity, vigorous-intensity physical activity, walking, and sitting.

Assessed using accelerometers.

Measured using the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3). The BREQ-3 is a 24-item measure, rated on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (not true for me) to 4 (very true for me), with higher scores indicating higher levels of motivation. Subscales include amotivation (e.g., "I don't see why I should have to exercise"), external motivation (e.g., "I exercise because other people say I should"), introjected motivation (e.g., "I feel guilty when I don't exercise"), identified motivation (e.g., "It's important to me to exercise regularly"), integrated motivation (e.g., "I exercise because it is consistent with my life goals"), and intrinsic motivation (e.g., "I exercise because it's fun").

Measured using the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS). The BSCS is a 13-item measure, rated on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not at all like me) to 5 (very much like me), with higher scores indicating higher levels of self-control. Subscales include inhibition (e.g., "I am good at resisting temptation") and initiation (e.g., "I am able to work effectively toward long-term goals").

Measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). The FFMQ is a 15-item measure, rated on a five-point Likert Scale, ranging from 1 (never or very rarely true) to 5 (very often or always true), with higher scores indicating higher levels of dispositional mindfulness. Subscales include acting with awareness (e.g., "When I do things, my mind wanders off and I'm easily distracted"), non-judging (e.g., "I criticize myself for having irrational or inappropriate emotions"), and non-reactivity (e.g., "I perceive my feelings and emotions without having to react to them").