Kinetics of Biomarkers in Acute Pyelonephritis

We will measure c-reactive protein, procalcitonin, pyuria and a new blood biomarker (Signature TM) everyday till normalization of these markers in 30 adult female patients with uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis.

Inclusion criteria

• > 18 years
• Flank/loin pain or tenderness, or both and fever > 38°C during the last 48 hours and pyuria

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnancy
• Presence of indwelling catheters
• Known polycystic kidney disease or any malformation of the urinary tract, or single kidney; renal transplant recipients; acute or chronic renal failure requiring dialysis
• Recent discharge from hospital (during the last 10 days); ongoing antibiotic treatment
• Known severe immunosuppression: Receiver of solid-organ or hematopoietic stem cells transplants; neutropenia ( < 1 G neutrophils / L); chronic (more than 14 days) use of systemic glucocorticoids (>10 mg/d of prednisone); active use of immunosuppressive therapy for the treatment of auto-immune or inflammatory disease; HIV infection with < 350 CD4+ cells / ml or unknown CD4+ status
• Pyelonephritis initially identified as complicated: obstruction of urinary tract, urinary stone; history of renal infection in the last 15 days
• Patient with severe sepsis or septic shock