Investigation of Inter-rater and Test-retest Reliability of Y Balance Test in Individuals With Pes Planus

While participants in sitting position, the navicular tuberosity (NT) will be palpated.The most distal protruding portion of the medial NT will be marked. Participants will be asked to stand with equal weight on both feet. The new distance will be measured. The navicular drop test (NDT) results will then be obtained by comparing the measured values between the sitting and standing positions. Each measurement will be repeated three times and the average of the 3 measurements will be calculated. The expression in mm of the distance between the two marks will be considered the amount of ND. The amount of navicular fall of 10 mm or more will be interpreted as pes planus. Measurements will be made on both extremities. As a result of the measurements, if pes planus is present in a single extremity, that extremity, if it is present in both extremities, the extremity with higher NDT or if it is equal on both sides, the dominant extremity will be tested.

Lower extremity length will be recorded to normalize dynamic balance test data. The person will lie in the supine position. The distance between the umbilicus and the anterior superior of the spina iliaca will be measured in cm with the help of a tape measure. If there is no asymmetry, it will be assumed that there is no rotation in the pelvis, and it will be started to measure the length of the lower extremity. If pelvic asymmetry is detected, the pelvic position will be corrected manually. Then, the most inferior point of the spina iliaca anterior superior and the most distal point of the medial malleolus will be marked and measured and recorded. Lower extremity length and data in 3 different directions will be used in cm. The purpose of using formulas is to easily provide comparisons with other studies using the same type of data. The data obtained from the formula is expressed as a percentage of the length of the limb.

While the individual tries to balance on one bare foot at the midpoint of the assembly, the individual will also be asked to reach as far as possible with the other foot in the anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral directions, touch the tip of the toe, and then immediately return to the starting position without disturbing the balance. The test will be evaluated for 3 repetitions. Situations where the participant will be requested to repeat the test: the foot on the ground passes the reference point or the heel lifts off the ground, perturbations caused by the environment, contact of the foot with the ground, and loss of balance when returning to the starting position. 10 seconds between 3 repetitions during testing will be given. Each participant will be given the right to try 6 times before starting the test in order to eliminate the possible learning parameter. The test will be repeated 3 times in each direction and the closest distance in cm will be recorded.