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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07155577

Effects of Pes Planus on Gait at Different Inclines

This study aims to investigate the effects of pes planus deformity on gait spatiotemporal parameters and pelvic kinematics during walking on different inclines. Participants will include healthy adults aged 18-35 years with flexible bilateral pes planus and normal body mass index. Pes planus severity will be evaluated using the Jack's toe-raise test and the navicular drop test. Gait parameters such as walking speed, cadence, stride length, stance and swing phase percentages, gait cycle duration, as well as pelvic tilt, obliquity, and rotation symmetry will be measured using the BTS-G wireless sensor system. Assessments will be performed on both flat and inclined treadmill conditions. The findings are expected to provide new insights into the biomechanical adaptations of pes planus during walking and contribute to the development of an individualized rehabilitation protocol.

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Key information

Conditions

Flatfoot Congenital Abnormalities Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities Foot Deformities Foot Deformities, Acquired Foot Deformities, Congenital Gait Limb Deformities, Congenital Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital Musculoskeletal Abnormalities Musculoskeletal Diseases Talipes

Age range

18 year–35 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Yuksek Ihtisas University

Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

This study will evaluate the effects of pes planus deformity on gait spatiotemporal parameters and pelvic kinematics during walking on flat and inclined surfaces. Flexible pes planus will be confirmed with Jack's toe-raise test, and severity will be assessed using the navicular drop test.

Healthy adults aged 18-35 years with bilateral flexible pes planus and normal BMI will be included. Exclusion criteria are lower extremity injury or surgery in the last 6 months, chronic ankle instability, other musculoskeletal disorders, or orthotic use.

Gait will be assessed with the BTS-G wireless sensor system, recording speed, cadence, stride length, stance and swing phase percentages, gait cycle duration, pelvic tilt, obliquity, and rotation symmetry. Participants will walk in standard sports shoes on level and inclined treadmill conditions. Data will be analyzed to determine biomechanical differences across surfaces.

The findings may provide insights into how pes planus influences gait and contributes to rehabilitation and footwear strategies.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

**Pes Planus Group

  • Age 18-35 years
  • Normal BMI
  • Bilateral, asymptomatic flexible pes planus
  • Navicular drop ≥10 mm (both feet)
  • Willing and able to provide informed consent and complete the procedure.

**Healthy Control Group

  • Age 18-35 years
  • Normal BMI
  • No pes planus deformity; otherwise healthy and able to complete procedures

Exclusion criteria

** both groups

  • Use of orthotics/insoles
  • Musculoskeletal disorders affecting gait (other than pes planus in the case group)
  • Lower extremity injury or surgery within the last 6 months
  • Chronic ankle instability
  • Any treatment related to the lower extremity/pes planus within the last 6 months

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

  1. Gait Speed (Level vs. Inclined Walking)

    Time frame: up to 6 months

    Self-selected walking speed (m/s) measured during 20-m trials under level and inclined treadmill conditions using the BTS-G wireless sensor (L4-L5 placement). Between-group (pes planus vs control) and within-condition comparisons.

  2. Cadence

    Time frame: up to 6 months

    Steps per minute captured by BTS-G during level and inclined walking; between-group and within-condition comparisons.Unit of Measure: steps/min.

  3. Stride Length

    Time frame: up to 6 months

    Stride length (cm) during level and inclined walking recorded via BTS-G; between-group and within-condition comparisons.

  4. Stance and Swing Phase Percentages

    Time frame: up to 6 months

    Percentage of the gait cycle spent in stance and swing (%) under level and inclined conditions using BTS-G; between-group and within-condition comparisons.

  5. Pelvic Kinematics-pelvic tilt

    Time frame: up to 6 months

    Pelvic tilt recorded with BTS-G sensor across barefoot, 2 cm heel, and 6 cm heel conditions. It will be recorded as a degree.

  6. Pelvic Kinematics-pelvic obliquity

    Time frame: up to 6 months

    Pelvic obliquity recorded with BTS-G sensor across barefoot, 2 cm heel, and 6 cm heel conditions. It will be recorded as a degree.

  7. Pelvic Kinematics- pelvic rotation

    Time frame: up to 6 months

    Pelvic rotation recorded with BTS-G sensor across barefoot, 2 cm heel, and 6 cm heel conditions. It will be recorded as a degree.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Navicular Drop (Severity of Pes Planus)

    Time frame: Baseline (prior to treadmill assessments)

    Navicular drop distance measured to quantify pes planus severity (baseline characterization).Unit of Measure: mm.

  2. BMI (Body Mass Index)

    Time frame: Baseline (prior to treadmill assessments)

    Calculated as weight(kg)/height(m²) for baseline characterization.Unit of Measure: kg/m².

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Hacettepe University

Other

Collaborators

  • Yuksek Ihtisas University

Registry information

Official study title

Investigation of the Effects of Pes Planus Deformity on Gait Parameters at Different Inclines

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Sep 4, 2025
Registry last updated
May 22, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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