Gene Expression in Intervened Athletes

112 genes using RT-qPCR analysis with the QuantStudioTM 12K Flex Real-Time PCR System. Relative quantification was determined using the 2-ΔCT method. Cut-off punctuation was established as 1.5.

Anthropometric assessment recorded data were height in centimetres (SECA® Model 274).

Anthropometric assessment recorded data were weight in kilograms (Tanita MC-980 Body Composition Analyzer MA Multifrequency Segmental, Barcelona, Spain).

Anthropometric assessment recorded data BMI was calculated calculated as weight/height^2 and expressed kg/m2 equation.

Anthropometric assessment recorded data BMI was measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (Tanita MC-980 Body Composition Analyzer MA Multifrequency Segmental, Barcelona, Spain) and expressed in kilograms and as the percentage of body fat. Participants were informed in advance of the required conditions prior to the measurement: no alcohol less than 24 hours before the measurement, no vigorous exercise less than 12 hours prior to the measurement, no food or drink less than 3 hours prior to the measurement, and no urination immediately before the measurement. All measurements were taken simultaneously during the morning in fasting conditions.

Anthropometric assessment recorded data fat free mass was measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (Tanita MC-980 Body Composition Analyzer MA Multifrequency Segmental, Barcelona, Spain) and expressed in kilograms and as the percentage of fat-free mass. Participants were informed in advance of the required conditions prior to the measurement: no alcohol less than 24 hours before the measurement, no vigorous exercise less than 12 hours prior to the measurement, no food or drink less than 3 hours prior to the measurement, and no urination immediately before the measurement. All measurements were taken simultaneously during the morning in fasting conditions.

Anthropometric assessment recorded data muscle mass was measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (Tanita MC-980 Body Composition Analyzer MA Multifrequency Segmental, Barcelona, Spain) and expressed in kilograms. Participants were informed in advance of the required conditions prior to the measurement: no alcohol less than 24 hours before the measurement, no vigorous exercise less than 12 hours prior to the measurement, no food or drink less than 3 hours prior to the measurement, and no urination immediately before the measurement. All measurements were taken simultaneously during the morning in fasting conditions.

Biochemistry was performed after 12 hours of fasting first thing in the morning, by specialists puncturing the cubital vena cava (Venoject®). Glucose was measured and expressed in mg/dL. The reference value is established in 70 - 110 mg/dL.

Biochemistry was performed after 12 hours of fasting first thing in the morning, by specialists puncturing the cubital vena cava (Venoject®). Creatinine was measured and expressed in mg/dL. The reference value is established in 0.5 - 0.9 mg/dL.

Biochemistry was performed after 12 hours of fasting first thing in the morning, by specialists puncturing the cubital vena cava (Venoject®). Urea was measured and expressed in mg/dL. The reference value is established in 10 - 50 mg/dL.

Biochemistry was performed after 12 hours of fasting first thing in the morning, by specialists puncturing the cubital vena cava (Venoject®). Uric acid was measured and expressed in mg/dL. The reference value is established in 2.4 - 5.7 mg/dL.

Biochemistry was performed after 12 hours of fasting first thing in the morning, by specialists puncturing the cubital vena cava (Venoject®). Triglycerides acid was measured and expressed in mg/dL. The reference value is established in 50 - 200 mg/dL.

total cholesterol (mg/dL), total proteins (g/dL), transferrin (mg/dL) and albumin (mg/dL).

Biochemistry was performed after 12 hours of fasting first thing in the morning, by specialists puncturing the cubital vena cava (Venoject®). Total cholesterol was measured and expressed in mg/dL. The reference value is established in 110 - 200 mg/dL.

Biochemistry was performed after 12 hours of fasting first thing in the morning, by specialists puncturing the cubital vena cava (Venoject®). Total proteins were measured and expressed in mg/dL. The reference value is established in 6.6 - 8.7 g/dL.

Biochemistry was performed after 12 hours of fasting first thing in the morning, by specialists puncturing the cubital vena cava (Venoject®). Transferrin was measured and expressed in mg/dL. The reference value is established in 200 - 360 mg/dL.

Biochemistry was performed after 12 hours of fasting first thing in the morning, by specialists puncturing the cubital vena cava (Venoject®). Albumin was measured and expressed in mg/dL. The reference value is established in 3.5 - 5.2 mg/dL.