Effect of β-alanine Supplementation and Training on Ergogenic Measures and Plasma Metabolites in Untrained Young Adults

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-alanine supplementation combined with a structured exercise training program in untrained young adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either β-alanine supplementation or a matching placebo while completing a six-week supervised training intervention. Both participants and investigators responsible for training supervision and outcome assessments were blinded to group allocation.

The primary outcome measures focused on changes in physical performance capacity. Maximal muscle strength was assessed using standardized dynamometric measurements, and aerobic capacity was evaluated using a validated shuttle run test performed before and after the intervention.

Secondary outcome measures included changes in anthropometric parameters, pulmonary function, and exercise-related metabolic responses. Blood lactate concentrations were measured during standardized exercise testing to characterize metabolic responses to training and supplementation. In addition, fasting venous blood samples were collected before and after the intervention to determine plasma concentrations of β-alanine, histidine, and carnosine as biochemical outcome measures related to supplementation and training adaptation.

All outcome measures were collected at baseline and following completion of the six-week intervention period. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study duration through participant self-report and investigator observation. All study procedures were performed in accordance with ethical approval and institutional guidelines.

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy young adults aged 18-30 years.
• Untrained individuals without participation in structured resistance or endurance training during the previous 6 months.
• Not physically inactive, but not engaged in regular structured exercise training.
• Ability to participate in a six-week supervised multicomponent exercise training program.
• Willingness to comply with study procedures, training sessions, and supplementation protocol.
• Provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Known cardiovascular, metabolic, neuromuscular, or musculoskeletal disease.
• Acute injury at the time of enrollment.
• Regular use of medications or dietary supplements affecting muscle metabolism or exercise performance.
• Participation in structured resistance or endurance training during the previous 6 months.
• Failure to comply with the study protocol or training requirements.