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NCT Number: NCT06916351

Effect of Acupressure Applied Before CAG on Pain, Anxiety and Vital Signs

This randomized controlled experimental study aimed to determine the effects of acupressure applied before the procedure on pain, anxiety and vital signs in patients who applied to Kocaeli City Hospital Angiography Unit and were to undergo planned radial artery coronary angiography.

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Key information

Conditions

Acupressure Anxiety Disorders Coronary Angiography and Intervention Mental Disorders Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Kocaeli City Hospital

Kocaeli, İzmit, 41001, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted at the Kocaeli City Hospital Angiography Unit to determine the effects of acupressure applied before coronary angiography on pain, anxiety and vital signs of the patients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography. It was conducted at the Kocaeli City Hospital Angiography Unit. The study used a stratified block randomization method and 93 patients who met the inclusion criteria were assigned to two different intervention groups, one of which received acupressure and the other a sham intervention before coronary angiography, and a control group receiving standard care. Data were collected using the 'Personal Information Form', 'State Anxiety Inventory (STAI)', 'Visual Analog Scale (VAS)' and 'Patient Follow-up Form'.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

for the study

  • Over 18 years of age,
  • Able to understand and speak Turkish,
  • Open to communication,
  • First time undergoing radial artery coronary angiography,
  • Elective patients undergoing planned (non-urgent) coronary angiography,
  • Patients who did not undergo stent/balloon intervention during angiography,
  • Awake and conscious during coronary intervention (not having taken sedatives (dormicum/fentanyl))
  • No deformities or lesions in the areas where acupressure will be applied (hematoma, ecchymosis, etc.)
  • Having not taken sedatives or painkillers 5 hours before the angiography,
  • No experience with acupressure,
  • No history of attending training courses and yoga classes to control stress and anxiety in the last six months
  • No diagnosis of anxiety disorder and not receiving medical treatment
  • No diagnosis of depression and not receiving medical treatment
  • Flat on the back (patients without respiratory distress, etc.),
  • Hemodynamically stable (no chest pain or arrhythmia),
  • Patients who volunteer to participate in the study,

Exclusion criteria

for the study

  • Diagnosed with any psychiatric disease
  • Previously undergone coronary angiography from the radial or femoral artery
  • Chronic pain
  • Used opioid medication
  • CAG procedure to be performed from the femoral artery

Treatment and study plan

Acupressure

Other

Acupressure will be applied to a total of three points: the 4th point of the Large Intestine Meridian (LI4-Hegu point) and the 6th point of the pericardial meridian (PC6- Nei Guan point), located three fingers above the wrist.

Sham acupressure

Other

Sham acupressure will be applied to three points parallel to HT7, LI4 and PC6, approximately 1-1.5 cm away from the meridians.

Primary outcomes

  1. State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI)

    Time frame: Before acupressure application, 20 minutes after acupressure application (20 minutes after application in the sham acupressure group, 20 min. after the initial measurement in the control group), immediately after the CABG procedure, 2 and 4 hours later

    The State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) is a scale developed by Spielberger et al. in 1970. The STAI determines how an individual feels at a certain moment and under a certain condition. The Turkish adaptation of the STAI was made by Öner and Le Compte in 1983 and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was reported as 0.94 (Öner and Le Compte, 1985). The STAI consists of 20 questions on a four-point Likert type. The statements in the STAI are evaluated as not at all 1 point, a little 2 points, a lot 3 points and completely 4 points. In this section, the statements are divided into direct and reversed. The scale score varies between 20-80 and an increase in the score obtained from the scale indicates an increase in the anxiety level. A score of 0-19 indicates no anxiety, a score of 20-39 indicates mild, a score of 40-59 indicates moderate and a score of 60-79 indicates severe anxiety. It is stated that those who score 60 points and above need professional help.

  2. Visual pain scale for pain assessment

    Time frame: Before acupressure application, 20 minutes after acupressure application (20 minutes after application in the sham acupressure group, 20 min. after the initial measurement in the control group), immediately after the CABG procedure, 2 and 4 hours later

    The scale is a 10 cm vertical or horizontal line on which patients mark their pain, with no pain written on one end and unbearable pain on the other. The distance between where the patient marks their pain and the no pain range is measured and recorded. The scale consists of five parts. Each of the sections is in the range of 2 points. '0' points - no pain, '1-2 points, very mild pain', '3-4 points, mild pain', '5-6 points, moderate pain', '7-8 points, severe pain' means '9-10 points, excruciating pain'.

Secondary outcomes

  1. The blood pressure measurements

    Time frame: Including a total of 5 measurements before the procedure, 20 minutes after the application, immediately after the procedure, 2 hours after the procedure, and 4 hours after the procedure.

    Blood pressure monitoring will be used to evaluate the effects of acupressure, sham and control groups on physiological signs of pain and anxiety. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements are performed by the researcher using the same manual sphygmomanometer instrument. Blood pressure is expressed in "mmHg".

  2. The heart rate measurement

    Time frame: Including a total of 5 measurements before the procedure, 20 minutes after the application, immediately after the procedure, 2 hours after the procedure, and 4 hours after the procedure.

    Heart rate will be used to evaluate the effects of acupressure, sham and control groups on physiological signs of pain and anxiety. Heart rate is measured by the researcher by counting over the radial artery (the untreated artery) for one minute. Heart rate refers to the number of beats per minute.

  3. Respiratory rate

    Time frame: Including a total of 5 measurements before the procedure, 20 minutes after the application, immediately after the procedure, 2 hours after the procedure, and 4 hours after the procedure.

    It will be used to evaluate the effects of breathing, acupressure, sham and control groups on physiological signs of pain and anxiety. Respiratory rate is measured by the researcher by counting the inspiratory and expiratory movements of the chest for one minute. Respiratory rate refers to the number of breaths per minute.

  4. Oxygen saturation

    Time frame: Including a total of 5 measurements before the procedure, 20 minutes after the application, immediately after the procedure, 2 hours after the procedure, and 4 hours after the procedure.

    Oxygen saturation will be used to evaluate the effects of pain and anxiety on hemodynamic parameters in acupressure, sham and control groups. Oxygen saturation was measured by placing a pulse oximeter on the patient's finger, which was used by the researcher to determine the level of oxygen in the blood. The normal reference range for the evaluation of oxygen saturation expressed as SpO2 was accepted as 95-100%.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Acupressure Applied Before Coronary Angiography on Pain, Anxiety and Vital Signs in Patients

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
Apr 8, 2025
Registry last updated
Apr 8, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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