Dose Response of Ketorolac in Knee Arthroscopy

Past studies have examined different doses of ketorolac administered to patients after spinal fusion surgery and found that 7.5 mg every 6 hours was as effective as 15 or 30 mg every 6 hours in decreasing postoperative pain and patient opiate consumption. Since ketorolac side effects such as gastrointestinal and surgical site bleeding seem to be dose related, utilizing a lower dose of ketorolac may be more efficacious.

Population: Patients scheduled for outpatient knee arthroscopy under general anesthesia with ASA physical status I-III ages 18-65 years old. All subjects will receive informed consent. Subjects will not be eligible to participate if they cannot provide informed consent. Non-English speaking patients will not be included due to the limited time and availability of translators.

Inclusion criteria

• Ability to consent and desire to participate in study
• Outpatient knee arthroscopy with Dr. C. David Geier
• ASA physical status I-III
• 18-65 years old
• Over 50 kg (110 pounds)
• General anesthesia

Exclusion criteria

• Any contraindication to receiving a non-steroidal antiinflammatory medication (including but not limited to allergy to any non-steroidal antiinflammatory medications including aspirin; chronic renal insufficiency; history of gastric ulcers, gastritis, peptic ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding; severe volume depletion; presence of cerebrovascular bleeding or high risk of bleeding)
• Allergy to propofol, fentanyl or hydromorphone.
• Any chronic painful conditions requiring opioid use for over the last 6 months
• Emergency surgery
• Altered mental status (not oriented to place, person or time)
• Pregnant or lactating patients
• Patient is taking non-steroidal antiinflammatory medications (including aspirin)1 at home and took that medication on day of surgery.
• Non-English speaking
• Patient refusal to study
• Patient refusal or not a candidate for general anesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)