Comparison of Two Antimicrobial Therapy Duration for Spondylodiscitis

In France, incidence of spondylodiscitis is between 1000 and 1500 new cases a year. Micro-organisms mainly in cause are: Staphylococcus aureus, negative coagulase Staphylococcus, Gram negative bacilli and Streptococci; more rarely mycobacteria or Brucella. Actually, optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy is unclear. The rate of cure varies, according to studies, from 90 to 100 % whatever the responsible germ involved. If a 6 weeks antimicrobial therapy duration is not inferior to 12, this would allow to shortening usual antimicrobial therapy duration, and improve tolerance of the treatment, with ecological and economic benefits, following a politics of good use of antibiotics, defined in the French circular n°2002-272 of 02/05/02.

The main objective is to compare two durations of antimicrobial therapy, 6 weeks versus 12 weeks, on the rate of cure of the bacterial spondylodiscitis. Secondary objectives are to compare, according to the duration of treatment antibiotic, 1) Rachidial pain by clinical examination and an analogical visual scale (EVA), 2) Quality of life by the score EQ-5D, 3) Treatment tolerance. 4) Risk factors for failure.

Type of the study is Prospective multi-centric, open label trial, randomised in two parallel groups with direct individual profit.

Antimicrobial therapy is chosen by the physician on charge of the patient according to the germ and to the consensual recommendations.

The study concerns 400 patients.

Inclusion criteria

are : men or women more than 18 years, having a proved bacterial spondylodiscitis (not mycobacteria, not fungal nor Brucella), for which an antimicrobial therapy is needed; for the women in age to procreate use of an effective contraception with protected sexual relations and negative pregnancy test (b HCG) is necessary.

Non Inclusion criteria are: infection with no bacteriological identification or mycobacteria, fungal or brucellosis infection, presence of material or recurrence of spondylodiscitis.

Main criterion of evaluation: percentage of success in 1 year defined by the absence of infection : absence of clinical, biological and radiological signs of infection (pain, fever) ; or relapse with the same germ.

This criterion will be estimated beyond the first 6 weeks of treatment antibiotic after the introduction of the treatment and until 1 year after the stop of the treatment. The criteria of the bacteriological diagnosis will be the same.

Design of the study: patients after information consent signed are include and randomised in one arm. They are regularly follow (at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 weeks after the beginning of antimicrobial therapy, then at 6 and 12 month after the end of antimicrobial therapy) , with physical examination, biological tests and radiological acts.

The randomisation is centralized, balanced by block, stratifies by centres. (70 centres) The previous duration of the study is of 4 years.

Inclusion criteria

• men or women more than 18 years
• proved bacterial spondylodiscitis due to pyogenic germ (no mycobacteria, no fungus or brucella), for which is decided a treatment antibiotic
• diagnosis is based on clinical,radiological and microbiological criteria
• women in age to procreate, use of an effective contraception with protected sexual relations and negative pregnancy test (b HCG).

Exclusion criteria

• infection with no bacteriological identification
• infection due to mycobacteria, brucella or fungus
• presence of material
• recurrence of spondylodiscitis
• Patient whose life expectation is 1-year-old subordinate
• pregnant or breast-feeding Woman