Comparison of Sunlight Exposure and Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels

Changes in serum 25(OH)D levels in ng/mL

Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2

Systolic blood pressure changes in mmHg

Diastolic blood pressure changes in mmHg

Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in mg/dL

Serum fasting glucose in mg/dL

Serum AST levels in mg/dL

Serum ALT levels in mg/dL

Serum AST, ALT, and GGT levels in mg/dL

Serum intact PTH levels in mg/dL

Whole body BMD (g/cm^2) and BMC (kg) measured by DEXA

Lean body mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and percent fat (%) measured by DEXA

Lean body mass (kg), muscle mass (kg), skeletal muscle mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and percent fat (%) measured by body impedance analysis

Quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L scale. The EQ-5D is a standardised measure of health status developed by the EuroQol Group in order to provide a simple, generic measure of health status. In description part, health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The respondents self-rate their level of severity for each dimension using three-level (EQ-5D-3L) or five-level (EQ-5D-5L) scale. The 5-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) was developed to improve such constraints of the three-level scale.

EQ-5D-5L scale can define 3,125 (=5^5) different health states, and the 5-digit number can be converted into a preference weight which is also referred to as a single weighted index score. The index score of a value set derived from the general population sample can be regarded as a "societal valuation of the respondent's health state" in that country.