Comparing Postoperative Functional Recovery and Analgesic Efficacy of a Single Shot Sciatic Nerve Block Versus Posterior Capsule/Fat Pad Infiltration of Local Anesthetic for Total Knee Arthroplasty

The objectives of this study are:

• Evaluate the role of sciatic nerve block in total knee replacement. There is conflicting data as to whether sciatic nerve block would provide significant analgesic benefit in addition to femoral nerve block and the usual multimodal and preemptive analgesic regimen for TKA.
• Investigate the efficacy of single-shot sciatic nerve block on early rehabilitation, functional recovery and patient satisfaction.
• Evaluate the previously described technique of local anesthetic infiltration into the posterior capsule/fat pad of the knee as an alternative technique to sciatic nerve block in providing analgesia to the posterior aspect of the knee in this select group of patients.
• Investigate the efficacy of local anesthetic infiltration into the posterior capsule/fat pad of the knee on early rehabilitation, functional recovery and patient satisfaction.

Study Design:

All patients will have a femoral nerve block (FNB) and spinal anesthesia.

Patients will be randomized into one of the 3 possible groups:

Group 1: Femoral nerve block + Sciatic nerve block + Spinal anesthesia + Infiltration of normal saline at the end of surgery

Group 2: Femoral nerve block + Sham Sciatic nerve block + Spinal anesthesia + Infiltration of local anesthetic at the end of surgery.

Group 3: Femoral nerve block + Sham Sciatic nerve block + Spinal anesthesia. + Infiltration of normal saline at the end of surgery.

In summary, this study will help further define the role of sciatic nerve block as well as the alternative technique of local anesthetic infiltration in the perioperative analgesic regimen of total knee arthroplasty surgery, in an effort to develop a standardized perioperative protocol for this patient population. The advent of this protocol should allow reduced risk, improved analgesia, and potentially earlier discharged from hospital with better function.

Inclusion criteria

• American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and III
• Scheduled for total knee arthroplasty

Exclusion criteria

• Patients not providing informed consent.
• Refusal of treatment plan.
• Preexisting medical/neurological/hematologic conditions contraindicated for spinal anesthesia or peripheral nerve blocks.
• Revision total knee arthroplasty.
• Known allergy to any of the medications being used.
• History of drug or alcohol abuse.
• Patients with chronic pain on slow-release preparations of opioid in excess of 30mg of morphine equivalence per day.
• Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
• Patients with psychiatric disorders.
• Patients unable or unwilling to use Patient Controlled Analgesia.
• Diabetic patients or those with impaired renal function (Creatinine >106).
• Obese patients (i.e. BMI >45).
• Postoperatively, patients will be excluded if they have had additional operative procedures requiring a change in the usual rehabilitation protocol of care.