Comparative Analysis of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Landmark-Based Techniques for Regional Anesthesia in Egyptian Patients

Regional anesthesia is a cornerstone in modern surgical practices due to its ability to provide effective pain management and reduce reliance on general anesthesia. Traditional landmark-based techniques, widely used due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness, rely on surface anatomy and palpation to guide needle placement. However, these techniques are associated with a higher risk of complications, including failed blocks and nerve injuries.

Ultrasound-guided techniques have emerged as a safer, more precise alternative, offering real-time visualization of anatomical structures. Studies suggest that ultrasound guidance improves the success rate, reduces procedural time, and minimizes complications. Despite global advancements in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia, limited research addresses its efficacy and safety specifically in Egyptian patients, whose unique anatomical and physiological characteristics may influence outcomes.

Inclusion criteria

• ● Adult patients aged 18-65 years undergoing upper limb surgery requiring brachial plexus block.

• Patients capable of providing informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• ● Patients with contraindications to regional anesthesia (e.g., infection at the site, severe coagulopathy).

• History of severe allergic reactions to local anesthetics.
• Anatomical abnormalities affecting the brachial plexus block.
• Obesity (BMI > 35) or other conditions that might confound results.