Carbon Monoxide Monitor for the Measurement of End-Tidal Carbon Monoxide Levels in Children With or Without Hemolysis

Subjects diagnosed with homozygous sickle cell anemia (Hb SS) have red blood cells with a decreased lifespan, which leads to an increase in the rate of heme turnover. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a by-product of heme oxidation and is excreted in exhaled breath. The concentration of CO in end-tidal breath can be measured and used to indicate the rate of heme oxidation, bilirubin production and the presence of hemolysis. The objective of this study is to characterize the performance of CoSense™ in children with or without sickle cell anemia. This is a single-center, open-label, non-randomized, proof of concept study to characterize the ability of CoSense™ to assess ETCO levels in subjects with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia (Hb SS). Up to 40 children (5-14 years old), of which 20 participants will have a diagnosis of Hb SS, will be enrolled. Each participant will have two breath samples collected non-invasively, one immediately after the other. It takes approximately 120 seconds to collect the each breath sample. This study and investigational device are a non-significant risk to the patient. The nasal cannula is made of a biocompatibility-tested polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material with a soft open-end, and will be gently placed adjacent to one of the nostrils and partially inserted by approximately 5 mm. The objective of this study will be assessed through reproducibility of ETCO measurements and comparison of ETCO levels between children diagnosed with Hb SS and healthy children. The study would help in the development of a portable CO measurement device which has potential health applications in monitoring diseases with altered bilirubin metabolism.

Inclusion criteria

• Parental / legal guardian consent
• Subject assent for participants ages 7 and above
• Male and female children ages 5 - 14 years old
• For Hb SS subjects, hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL (based on a laboratory tests performed over the last 6 months and confirmed within 4 weeks prior to breath collection, as part of the subject's clinical care)

Exclusion criteria

• For healthy subjects, known to have the sickle cell trait
• Had a red blood cell transfusion within 12 weeks prior to enrollment
• Currently a primary smoker or was a primary smoker within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• Exposed to second hand smoke within 24 hours prior to breath sample collections
• Have an upper respiratory infection within 2 weeks of ETCO measurements