Bisphenol A and Muscle Insulin Sensitivity

Evidence linking bisphenol A exposure with diabetes risk remains mainly associative in nature, and mechanism linking bisphenol A to type 2 diabetes remains unclear. The investigator's preliminary data suggests that in young adults, single oral BPA consumption significantly decreased glucose, insulin, and C-Peptide responses to an oral glucose tolerance test, suggesting that immediate consumption of bisphenol A has an effect on muscle insulin sensitivity, hepatic glucose suppression and/or digestion and absorption to lower blood glucose, insulin, and C-Peptide concentrations. The present experimental study evaluating the effects of bisphenol A over several days on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes will directly assess each of these potential mechanisms using gold standard measures (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique and hepatic glucose suppression with glucose stable isotope infusion, and fecal microbiota).

Inclusion criteria

• non-dieting
• sedentary (≤3 hour/week of aerobic exercise)
• normal-weight (BMI = 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2)
• weight-stable for the previous 6 months
• free of any metabolic or chronic disease
• non-smoking, and sedentary

Exclusion criteria

• Hemoglobin A1C based on the American Diabetes Association guidelines of 5.7 to 6.4% (Prediabetes) or >6.4% (Diabetes)
• impaired glucose tolerance
• type 1 diabetes
• type 2 diabetes
• colitis or any inflammatory bowel condition
• neurologic or psychiatric conditions
• smoking
• special diets (e.g. vegetarian, low-carbohydrate, Paleolithic, etc.)
• pregnant women or women trying to become pregnant