Accuracy of Standard and Geometric Pattern-Assisted Digital Scanning for Full-Arch Implant Prosthesis Frameworks

This is a prospective, crossover clinical trial designed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of three different impression techniques used in the fabrication of full-arch implant-supported prosthesis frameworks. The study includes four participants, each with four osseointegrated dental implants in the mandibular arch.

The three impression techniques being compared are:

Conventional Splinted Impressions: A traditional method utilizing rigidly splinted impression copings and polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material to capture implant positions.

Standard Digital Scanning: A fully digital technique using an intraoral scanner and scan bodies placed on the implants to generate a digital impression.

Geometric Pattern-Assisted Digital Scanning: An enhanced digital method incorporating a geometric reference pattern during the scanning process to improve stitching accuracy and reduce scan distortion across the arch.

Each participant will receive all three impression techniques in a randomized sequence to minimize order bias. Digital models will be generated from each impression method, and test frameworks will be designed using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. These frameworks will be fabricated using 3D laser sintering.

The primary outcome of the study is the assessment of accuracy, defined as the mean three-dimensional (3D) deviation between the test scan and a reference scan, measured via digital superimposition software. A secondary outcome is clinical passivity, evaluated using the one-screw test to detect any misfit between the framework and implant interfaces.

The results of this study aim to provide clinical evidence regarding the accuracy and feasibility of advanced digital impression techniques, particularly the use of geometric pattern references, in full-arch implant prosthodontics. This may support improvements in digital workflow reliability, patient outcomes, and prosthetic longevity.

Inclusion criteria

Adults aged 30 to 70 years

Completely edentulous mandible

Presence of four osseointegrated implants in the lower jaw

Good oral and general health

Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent

Availability for all study appointments

Exclusion criteria

Systemic diseases or conditions that affect bone healing or implant integration

Presence of oral inflammation, infection, or soft tissue abnormalities at implant sites

History of bruxism or parafunctional habits

Inability to understand or comply with study procedures