Working Memory Training in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

The Digit Span Forward/Backward is a subset of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) that captures attention efficiency and working memory.

The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a well-established test sensitive to impairment in multiple cognitive domains.

The Category Fluency Test (CFT) was created to assess semantic fluency. It consists of asking the individual to name as many animals as possible in 60 s. Performance on CFT can be evaluated through several components, such as the number of correct words, clusters, switching, related words, and intrusion and perseveration errors.

We do not expect a significant change in p-Tau 217 during the short-proposed study duration, however, we projected that we will successfully recruit 10 MCI patients (Intervention group = N 5; and control group (N=5) that will be willing to undergo blood draw for determination of p-Tau 217 level.

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is used for measuring the perception of stress. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The scale also includes questions about current levels of experienced stress (Cohen et al, 1983).

The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) has 6 items and is a reliable means of assessing resilience as the ability to bounce back or recover from stress (Smith et al., 2008).

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire designed to measure sleep quality and disturbance over past month (Buysse et al.,1989).

The Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire will assess active time and time spent on exercise (PASB-Q; English Version) (Sattler et al., 2020).

The MDScale includes nine components, including beneficial components (i.e., vegetables, legumes, fruits and nuts, cereal, and fish), detrimental components (i.e., meat, poultry, and high-fat dairy products), ethanol intake, and the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids.

The WHO QOL has four domains (physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment). The four domain scores denote an individual's perception of quality of life in each particular domain (WHOQOL Group, 1998).

The Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) is a measure of organized visual search, attention, set shifting and divided attention (Reynolds 2002).

The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is used extensively in clinical and research settings to systematically measure and assess mental status. It is an 11- question measure that tests five areas of cognitive function: orientation, registration, attention, and calculation, recall, and language (Folstein et al., 1975)

The Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) evaluates verbal memory by presenting a 15- word list five times followed by attempted recall. This is followed by a second 15-word recall interference list, followed by recall of the original list (Rey A. 1964).

The Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Process (CompACT) is a 23 item questionnaire that measures ACT processes, including psychological flexibility (Francis et al., 2016).