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NCT Number: NCT07441122

Enhancing Attention in Elderly Using a Brain-Computer-Interface

Cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to maintain cognitive performance despite age-related changes or neuropathology. Enhancing cognitive reserve is thought to delay cognitive decline and improve functional outcomes in aging and neurodegenerative conditions. Attention and memory-related neural processes are considered key contributors to cognitive reserve, yet it remains unclear whether these neural markers can be deliberately strengthened through targeted training and non-invasive interventions.

The goal of this clinical study is to investigate whether mindfulness-based meditation and non-invasive brain stimulation can enhance neural markers of attention and memory that serve as proxies for cognitive reserve in cognitively healthy adults and older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Investigators hypothesize that strengthening these neural markers will lead to measurable improvements in cognitive reserve-related functions in both healthy aging and MCI populations.

This study further hypothesizes that neural markers of attention can be selectively enhanced using an electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) combined with non-invasive interventions such as mindfulness-based relaxation or neuromodulation. During the study, participants will perform a computerized memory task while their EEG signals are recorded in real time. A BCI will analyze these signals to decode the presence or absence of the P300 event-related potential, a well-established neural marker of attentional control and cognitive resource allocation. Real-time feedback and intervention will be used to modulate these neural processes with the goal of promoting adaptive changes in attention-related brain activity.

By integrating EEG-based decoding, behavioral training, and non-invasive interventions, this study aims to determine whether targeted modulation of attention-related neural activity can support cognitive reserve in aging and mild cognitive impairment.

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Key information

Age range

18 year–90 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States

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Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Younger adults:

  • Good general health.
  • Normal or corrected vision.
  • no history of neurological/psychiatric disease
  • ability to read and understand English
  • ability to understand information and ability to give a free and informed consent

Older adults:

  • Normal or corrected vision.
  • Self-reports no current diagnosis of dementia.
  • Ability to provide written/electronic, informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

Younger Adults:

  • Neurological or psychiatric diseases that could be contraindicated for tACS (e.g., personal history of epilepsy/seizure brain damage, history of fainting, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, current substance use disorder, etc.).
  • Medications that elevate seizure threshold (e.g., stimulant medication, high dose bupropion).
  • Factors hindering EEG acquisition and tACS delivery (e.g., skin infection, wounds, dermatitis, inability to access the scalp of the participant).

Older Adults:

  • Neurological or psychiatric diseases that could be contraindicated for tACS (e.g., personal history of epilepsy/seizure brain damage, pacemakers, history of fainting, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, current substance use disorder, etc.).
  • Medications that elevate seizure threshold (e.g., stimulant medication, high dose bupropion).
  • Factors hindering EEG acquisition and tACS delivery (e.g., skin infection, wounds, dermatitis, inability to access the scalp of the participant).
  • Diagnosis of dementia.
  • Do not have the capacity to provide informed consent.

Treatment and study plan

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation

Device

tACS is delivered as a pre-task neuromodulatory intervention intended to prime neural activity before cognitive assessment.

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals will be recorded from subjects as they perform nback tasks. The neural correlates of attention will be processed and decoded in real-time using machine learning algorithms to provide feedback. Subjects are instructed to assume a mental state/find a strategy to maximise the accuracy of feedback. In total, each subject will complete 5 sessions of nback training with this intervention.

Other names: tACS

Mindfulness Meditation

Behavioral

A relaxation protocol based on mindfulness meditation will be carried out. This consists of closing the eyes and focusing on breathing and relaxing for a period of 5 minutes.

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals will be recorded from subjects as they perform nback tasks. The neural correlates of attention will be processed and decoded in real-time using machine learning algorithms to provide feedback. Subjects are instructed to assume a mental state/find a strategy to maximise the accuracy of feedback. In total, each subject will complete 5 sessions of nback training with this intervention

Other names: Relaxation, Meditation

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in neural correlates of attention across different intervention sessions

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the study after 3 days (young adults) or 8 days (older adults)

    This outcome measures whether neural correlates of attentional markers (e.g. amplitude, peak-to-peak, band power and connectivity measures of neural correlates) change across sessions as a result of intervention.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in correct answer rate of memory task across intervention sessions

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the study after 3 days (young adults) or 8 days (older adults)

    The correct answer rate per nback run reflects the improvements in attentional and memory skills across the two conditions. It measures the percentage of each trial memorized correctly. The score is 0-50, and the higher the value, the better the outcome.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Jose del R. Millan, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

512-232-8111

Khushi Thorat

CONTACT

[email protected]

512-495-5521

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Texas at Austin

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Building Cognitive Reserve Through Brain-Computer-Interfaces

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2028
Study completion
2029
First posted
Feb 27, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 27, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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