What SSI Duration is Most Effective? An Online Experiment With American Adults

Patient Health Questionnaire-8 is a well-validated and self-administered measure to assess depression symptom severity in the general population. Participants are asked to rate how often they are bothered by 8 items (e.g., Poor appetite or overeating) on a scale of 0 (Not at all) to 3 (Nearly every day). Total score can range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating higher symptom severity.

Beck Hopelessness Scale-4 is the 4-item version of the 20-item Beck Hopelessness scale (Beck et al. 1974). Participants will be asked to rate 4 items assessing different aspects of hopelessness (e.g., My future seems dark to me) on a scale of 0 (Absolutely disagree) to 3 (Absolutely agree). Total score can range between 0 to 12 with higher scores indicating higher hopelessness.

Beck Hopelessness Scale-4 is the 4-item version of the 20-item Beck Hopelessness scale (Beck et al. 1974). Participants will be asked to rate 4 items assessing different aspects of hopelessness (e.g., My future seems dark to me) on a scale of 0 (Absolutely disagree) to 3 (Absolutely agree). Total score can range between 0 to 12 with higher scores indicating higher hopelessness.

The ULS-3 is the 3-item version of the 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. The measure includes questions such as "how often do you feel left out" with responses ranging from 1 (hardly ever) to 3 (often), producing a total score between 3 and 9. Researchers have labeled people who score 3-5 as "not lonely" and those who score 6-9 as "lonely."

The survey will ask participants if they experienced an "Aha! moment" during the SSI.

The survey will ask participants if they experienced an "Aha! moment" during the SSI.

Among participants who report an Aha! Moment, the survey will ask how significant they felt that Aha! was (on a scale from 1 [not at all significant] - 5 [extremely significant]).

Among participants who report an Aha! Moment, the survey will ask how significant they felt that Aha! was (on a scale from 1 [not at all significant] - 5 [extremely significant]).

A 12-item measure of adaptive thoughts and behaviors, improvement in which might be a target of cognitive behavioral therapy. Range 0-48 with higher scores indicating greater frequency of adaptive thoughts and behaviors.

This will be computed as the sum of two items: "At this point, how successful do you think this treatment will be in reducing your feelings of depression?" and "Over the next few weeks, how much improvement in your feelings of depression do you think will occur?"). Each item will be rated from 1-9 and will be summed together to create a total score of 2-18 with higher scores indicating greater expected improvement.

This will be computed as the sum of two items: "At this point, how successful do you think this treatment was in reducing your feelings of depression?" and "Over the past eight weeks, how much improvement in your feelings of depression do you think occurred?"). Each item will be rated from 1-9 and will be summed together to create a total score of 2-18 with higher scores indicating greater improvement.

The survey will evaluate participants' satisfaction with the intervention they completed using a star rating from 1 to 5 stars, with 1 star indicating very low satisfaction and 5 stars indicating very high satisfaction.

The survey will evaluate participants' satisfaction with the intervention they completed using a star rating from 1 to 5 stars, with 1 star indicating very low satisfaction and 5 stars indicating very high satisfaction.