Virtual Advisors for Physical Activity Promotion in Underserved Communities

COMPASS (Computerized Physical Activity Support for Seniors) was a single-blind, cluster-randomized noninferiority parallel trial conducted by investigators from Stanford University School of Medicine and Northeastern University. Participants were recruited from community centers in Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties, CA which had been randomized in pairs based on locale to either Virtual or Human advisors. Allocation concealment was accomplished by utilizing staff not directly involved in study enrollment, assessment, or intervention procedures. Both arms received a similar 12-month behavioral PA instruction/support program at their designated community center based on Active Choices-an individually-tailored PA intervention with demonstrated effectiveness and translatability across diverse adult populations. The primary outcome was change in 12-month weekly walking minutes.

In addition to the major trial and primary investigation described above, an exploratory Substudy was conducted separately to begin to evaluate the initial "proof of concept" of a food literacy curriculum in 2 separate community centers that were not part of the major trial. This first-generation exploratory Substudy is not part of the major trial and therefore is not included in this protocol and trial description.

Inclusion criteria

• Spanish or English-speaking primarily Latino men or women
• Aged greater than or equal to 50 years
• No plans to move within the next year
• Inactive (have not engaged in moderate-intensity or more vigorous physical activity
• > 3 days per week for at least 20 min per day) within last 6 months
• Able to participate in study intervention and assessments at their local neighborhood senior center

Exclusion criteria

• Any medical condition or disorder that would limit participation in moderate intensity physical activity (such as sustained walking), including life-threatening disorders, myocardial ischemia, major functional disabilities in the orthopedic area, or inability to complete baseline assessments for any reason (including psychological, cognitive);
• Not stable on their medications, including hormone replacement therapy, for ≥ 3 months (given that changes in medications can create additional stress and burden over and above attempts to change lifestyle behaviors);
• Inability to complete a face-to-face training session with a computer-based program