Validation of Child Drawing Hospital Scale (CD: H) and the Place of the Drawing in the Evaluation of Dental Anxiety

Objectives: Our study aimed to perform a Turkish validation study of the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H) Scale and evaluate the dental anxiety and pain experienced during the treatment by drawing.

Study Design: Pediatric patients between the ages of 4-13 who applied to the Pediatric Dentistry Department between 2018-2020 were included in the study. Following the translation of the CD:H Scale into Turkish and linguistic-cultural validation, the behaviors of pediatric patients during treatment were evaluated with the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, the pain they experienced during treatment with the Wong- Baker Face Rating Scale, and their anxiety levels were evaluated with the pictures drawn by the patients at the end of the treatment. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v23, and the significance level was taken as p <0.05.

Results: Within the scope of the scale's reliability-validity study, the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was evaluated with test-retest consistency. For section A,B,C and total score reliability was found to be positive and strong level correlation. Dental anxiety of boys was higher than girls.

Conclusions: The Turkish version of the CD:H Scale is a reliable and valid scale that can be used to evaluate the dental anxiety of Turkish pediatric patients.

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Key information

Conditions

Dental Anxiety Child Drawing Hospital Scale Dental Pain Facial Pain Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Stomatognathic Diseases Tooth Diseases Toothache Validation

Age range

4 year–13 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Gaziosmanpaşa University

Tokat Province, 60100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Patients who have toothache and who have undergone dental treatment (filling and root canal treatment)
Patients with deep dentin caries who need local anesthesia
Children between the ages of 4-13
Patients who are willing to paint and understand commands
Patients without any mental or physical disability
Patients whose parents agreed to participate in the study and signed their consent

Exclusion criteria

Children not aged 4-13
Patients with mild to moderate caries who do not need local anesthesia
Patients who are not willing to paint
Patients with inadequate hand coordination
Patients with motor dysfunction
Children with any systemic illness
Patients with mental or physical disabilities
Patients with any syndrome
Patients with color blindness
Children whose native language is not Turkish
Patients whose parents refused to participate in the study

Treatment and study plan

survey research

Behavioral

Children with dental treatment were asked to draw pictures.

Primary outcomes

Turkish Validation of the Child Drawing Hospital Scale

Time frame: 12 week

Using the Child Drawing Hospital Scale, the pictures drawn by the patients were interpreted and scored by two researchers (minimum 15, max 205).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start: 2018
Primary completion: 2019
Study completion: 2020
First posted: Feb 11, 2022
Registry last updated: Feb 11, 2022

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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Completed