Clinical Outcomes of Mandibular Primary Molar Extraction Using Physics Forceps in Children

This study investigates the use of a physics forceps compared with a conventional forceps during the extraction of mandibular primary molars in pediatric dental patients. Extraction of primary molars is a frequently performed procedure in pediatric dentistry and is often associated with dental anxiety, pain perception, and behavioral management challenges. Improving extraction techniques may positively influence the child's experience as well as the clinician's efficiency.

The study focuses on evaluating whether the use of a physics forceps can contribute to a more favorable clinical and patient-centered outcome when compared to traditional extraction instruments. The intervention does not introduce any additional or experimental dental procedures, as all tooth extractions included in the study are clinically indicated and performed as part of routine dental care.

The comparison between the two extraction approaches aims to assess their impact on child comfort, emotional response during treatment, and procedural efficiency. Particular attention is given to outcomes related to pain perception, anxiety levels, and the overall duration of the extraction procedure, as these factors play a significant role in pediatric dental management.

In addition to patient-centered outcomes, the study also considers operator-related and procedural aspects, including ease of use and the occurrence of intraoperative difficulties or complications. All clinical procedures are carried out following standard pediatric dental protocols, ensuring that patient safety and ethical principles are fully respected.

Data collected from this study are intended to provide clinically meaningful insight into whether Physics forceps offer advantages over conventional forceps in routine pediatric dental practice. The results may support evidence-based decision-making when selecting extraction instruments for children and may contribute to improving the overall quality of care during primary tooth extraction.

Inclusion criteria

For both groups, the inclusion criteria were:

• Children aged 6 - 9 years.
• Healthy children with no history of neurological disorders or systemic diseases.
• Mandibular primary molars indicated for extraction, with at least half of the root length remaining.
• Cooperative behavior classified as Frankl 3 - 4.
• Absence of acute inflammation or active periapical/periodontal infection at the time of extraction

Exclusion criteria

• 1. Children who were taking medications that may alter pain perception or bleeding tendency.

• Teeth with insufficient root structure that made extraction technically unfeasible.