Turkish Version of the "Children's Assessment of Participation With Hands Scale

The original scale was developed by Chien et al. in 2015 to evaluate the difficulties experienced by children aged 2-12 years in using the hands in daily living activities that require hand participation. The scale consists of 32 items in 4 sections: self-care participation (9 items), recreational participation (11 items), educational participation (8 items), and domestic life and community participation (9 items). Each section has 4 sub-scores of difference, frequency, independence and desire to change sections, scored with Likert-type responses, and higher scores indicate higher hand participation. The percentage score is obtained by dividing the total score by the number of items marked in the sub-scores of difference and change request. In frequency and independence scoring, the score is obtained by dividing the total score by the number of items marked.

The (GMFCS), developed for children, is a classification system based on the child's self-initiated movements with an emphasis on sitting, displacement and mobility. Since the motor functions of children vary depending on age, functions for each age group are defined for each level, including children under 2 years old, between 2 and 4 years old, between 4 and 6 years old, and between 6 and 12 years old. While it was previously used for children under the age of 12 years, it can now be used for young people between the ages of 12 and 18 years in its expanded form.

GMFCS levels according to age Level I: walks without restrictions Level II: Walks with restrictions Level III: Walks using hand-held mobility aids Level IV: Self-movement is restricted; can use motor mobility vehicle. Level V: Transported in a hand-pushed wheelchair

The Manual Assesment Classification System (MACS) is used to classify children's ability to hold objects in daily activities. Turkish validity and reliability studies have been conducted. While MACS evaluates the participation of both hands together in activities, it cannot evaluate the hands separately. The classification is graded as follows:

I - Holds objects easily and successfully. II- Can hold many objects, but the speed and / or quality of achievement is somewhat reduced.

III- Holds objects with difficulty; help is needed in modifying and / or organizing activities.

IV- Holds a selected limited number of objects easily arranged in adapted situations.

V- Cannot hold objects and has severely limited ability to perform even a simple action.