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NCT Number: NCT04139109

The Turkish Version of the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly

The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) was originally developed in English to determine the level of fear of falling and its interactions with activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the SAFE instrument into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties.

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Key information

Conditions

Fall Activity, Motor Behavior Fear Frailty Health Behavior Motor Activity Old Age; Debility Participation, Patient Pathologic Processes Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Patient Acceptance of Health Care Patient Participation Treatment Adherence and Compliance

Age range

60 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa

Istanbul, Bakırkoy, 34147, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) was originally developed in English to determine the level of fear of falling and its interactions with activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the SAFE instrument into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties. One hundred eleven older adults (72 females) with a mean age of 69 years (SD=7.22; range=60-87) were included. For cross-cultural adaptation, two bi-lingual translators used the back-translation procedure. Within a 5-to-7-day period after the first assessment, the participants completed the Turkish version of SAFE (SAFE-T) to evaluate test-retest reliability. Cronbach's alpha (α) was used to assess internal consistency. The correlation with the Turkish version of the Falls Efficiency Scale-International (FES-T) was determined to check the validity.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • age over 60 years old
  • ability to read and write in Turkish
  • score ≥24 on the Mini-Mental State Exam
  • >3 according to the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC)
  • no pathology in visual ability and hearing

Exclusion criteria

  • neurologist-diagnosed dementia or Alzheimer's disease
  • ambulatory only with a wheelchair
  • amputated lower extremity

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

  1. The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly

    Time frame: Baseline (First assessment)

    The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE), is a reliable (α = 0.95) and valid (r = 0.91) questionnaire for evaluating activity level, fear of falling, and activity restriction. SAFE assesses 11 community-based and home-based activities. SAFE is scored as the following:

    Activity level is scored as the number of activities being done. Maximum score is 11 and higher scores indicate a higher activity level.

    The fear of falling score is computed as the average worry scores across the 11 activities (or across as many of the activities that are done, i.e., if yes to A). Each activity is scored in the range 0 to 3 by recoding the answer. The recoding is described as 0=4 (Not at all worried), 1=3 (A little worried), 2=1 (Somewhat worried) and 3=1 (Very worried). In totally, higher scores indicate a greater fear of falling.

    Activity restriction is scored by counting the number of activities which is responded "less than you used to".

Secondary outcomes

  1. The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly

    Time frame: Within a 5-to-7-day period after the first assessment (Second assessment)

    The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE), is a reliable (α = 0.95) and valid (r = 0.91) questionnaire for evaluating activity level, fear of falling, and activity restriction. SAFE assesses 11 community-based and home-based activities. SAFE is scored as the following:

    Activity level is scored as the number of activities being done. Maximum score is 11 and higher scores indicate a higher activity level.

    The fear of falling score is computed as the average worry scores across the 11 activities (or across as many of the activities that are done, i.e., if yes to A). Each activity is scored in the range 0 to 3 by recoding the answer. The recoding is described as 0=4 (Not at all worried), 1=3 (A little worried), 2=1 (Somewhat worried) and 3=1 (Very worried). In totally, higher scores indicate a greater fear of falling.

    Activity restriction is scored by counting the number of activities which is responded "less than you used to".

  2. Falls Efficiency Scale-International

    Time frame: Baseline (First assessment)

    Falls Efficiency Scale-International (FES-I) is a 16-item self-administered questionnaire that was designed to assess fear of falling in community-dwelling older people. It provides information on the level of concern about falls during daily living activities. Each item is rated on a four-point scale, where 1=not at all concerned, 2=somewhat concerned, 3=fairly concerned, and 4=very concerned. The total score ranges from 16 (no concern about falling) to 64 (extreme concern about falling). The Turkish version of FES-I (FES-T), which was previously reported as a reliable (α = 0.94) and valid (r = - 0.83) instrument, was used in the present study.

  3. History of Fall

    Time frame: Baseline (First assessment)

    Frequency of falls in the last six months was questioned.

  4. Leg Pain

    Time frame: Baseline (First assessment)

    Presence of leg pain at rest and during activity was questioned.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly

Important dates

Study start
2018
Primary completion
2018
Study completion
2018
First posted
Oct 25, 2019
Registry last updated
Oct 8, 2024

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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