Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation for Children and Youth With Spina Bifida

The study's goals involve understanding how transcutaneous stimulation affects motor deficits across three dimensions; weakness, coordination, and spasticity. This will be investigated by an electrophysiological characterization lower-extremity deficits, using TS to interrogate neuromotor topography and connectivity of the spinal cord to specific muscles. These evaluations will enable a unique patient-specific understanding of the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying motor deficits. Furthermore, these evaluations will assess the therapeutic potential of a novel closed-loop TS plasticity induction protocol to strengthen weakened muscles in a pediatric SB population.

Inclusion criteria

• Congenital diagnosis of myelomeningocele (MMC)
• Able to follow verbal commands or instructions.
• If female and able to become pregnant, must be willing to use medically-acceptable method of contraception during study participation.

Exclusion criteria

• Severe cognitive deficits demonstrating inability to communicate needs
• Gaping, weeping, or unhealed open wounds at the site of electrode placement
• Unhealed fractures on load bearing bones
• History of osteoporosis
• History of implanted electronic devices at the stimulation location(e.g. deep brain stimulator, cardiac pacemaker, diaphragmatic pacer, baclofen pumps, insulin pumps, etc.)
• Pregnancy
• Epilepsy
• History of seizure
• Ongoing infections (currently being treated or are symptomatic)
• Any illness or condition which, based on the research team's assessment, will compromise the patient's ability to comply with the protocol, patient safety, or the validity of the data collected during this study.