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NCT Number: NCT07265024

Traditional Exercise RCT in Visually Impaired Adults

This study aims to investigate the benefits and underlying mechanisms of traditional exercise interventions on the physical and mental health of individuals with visual impairments. A randomized controlled trial design will be employed, enrolling 90 visually impaired participants who will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: a Tai Chi intervention group, a Baduanjin intervention group, or a control group. The Tai Chi group will undergo a 12-week simplified 21-form Tai Chi training program, while the Baduanjin group will receive standardized Baduanjin training. The control group will participate in regular school physical education classes. Eligible participants are university students with visual impairments, defined as having visual acuity ≤ 0.05 or a visual field radius ≤ 10 degrees.

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Key information

Conditions

Visual Impairments Eye Diseases Nervous System Diseases Neurologic Manifestations Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Sensation Disorders Signs and Symptoms Vision Disorders

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Faculty of Sports Science

Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • University students with visual impairment, defined as visual acuity ≤ 0.05 or a visual field radius ≤ 10 degrees.
  • Able to ambulate independently without assistance.
  • No severe cardiovascular diseases.

Exclusion criteria

  • Presence of severe physical illnesses or comorbid conditions that may affect participation.
  • History of psychiatric disorders.
  • Participation in other structured exercise training programs within the past three months.

Treatment and study plan

Taichi

Behavioral

Participants in the Tai Chi group will receive a 12-week simplified 21-form Tai Chi training program. The intervention will consist of supervised sessions conducted three times per week, each lasting approximately 60 minutes. Sessions will include a standardized warm-up, instruction and practice of the 21-form Tai Chi routine, and a brief cool-down period. All training will be delivered by certified Tai Chi instructors experienced in working with individuals with visual impairments. Attendance and adherence will be monitored throughout the intervention period.

Baduanjin

Behavioral

Participants in the Baduanjin group will undergo a 12-week standardized Baduanjin training program. The intervention will be delivered three times per week, with each supervised session lasting approximately 60 minutes. Training sessions will include a structured warm-up, guided practice of the standardized Baduanjin routine, and a brief cool-down period. All sessions will be led by qualified instructors with experience working with visually impaired individuals. Participant attendance and adherence will be recorded throughout the intervention period.

Primary outcomes

  1. Single-Leg Stance Test

    Time frame: Month 3

    Assessment of static balance ability by measuring the duration participants can maintain a single-leg stance before and after the intervention.

  2. Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) Test

    Time frame: Month 3

    Evaluation of dynamic balance and functional mobility using the timed up-and-go test, recorded at baseline and post-intervention.

  3. Berg Balance Scale (BBS)

    Time frame: Month 3

    Measurement of overall balance performance using the 14-item Berg Balance Scale, administered before and after the intervention.

  4. Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)

    Time frame: Month 3

    Assessment of cardiorespiratory endurance using the six-minute walk test at baseline and following the intervention.

  5. Handgrip Strength Test

    Time frame: Month 3

    Evaluation of upper-limb muscular strength using a calibrated handgrip dynamometer, performed before and after the intervention.

  6. Flexibility Test

    Time frame: Month 3

    Measurement of lower-body flexibility using a standardized sit-and-reach test conducted at baseline and post-intervention.

  7. Self-Rated Depression Scale (SDS)

    Time frame: Month 3

    Assessment of depressive symptoms using the Self-Rated Depression Scale before and after the intervention.

  8. Self-Rated Anxiety Scale (SAS)

    Time frame: Month 3

    Evaluation of anxiety symptoms using the Self-Rated Anxiety Scale administered at baseline and post-intervention.

  9. General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)

    Time frame: Month 3

    Measurement of perceived self-efficacy using the General Self-Efficacy Scale at baseline and after the intervention.

  10. WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF)

    Time frame: Month 3

    Assessment of overall quality of life across physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, conducted before and after the intervention.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Northeast Normal University

Other

Collaborators

  • Changchun University

Registry information

Official study title

Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Traditional Exercise Programs on the Physical and Mental Health of Visually Impaired Individuals

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Dec 4, 2025
Registry last updated
Dec 4, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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