Three Drug Combination Therapy Versus Conventional Treatment of Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Adult height expressed in standard deviation score (SDS) units relative to the general population, with attainment of adult height defined as incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months. Adult height SDS was based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics) data at 20 years old.

Adult height expressed in standard deviation score (SDS) units relative to the mid-parental height for the general population. Adult height is defined as incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months. Adult height SDS was based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics) data at 20 years old. Mid-parental height was calculated based on reported parental heights calculated as (father's height (cm) + mother's height (cm))/ 2 ± 6.5 (cm).

Predicted adult height was calculated using the bone age at the baseline visit or the first available bone age, using the Bayley-Pinneau method. Predicted adult height was calculated as the standard deviation score (SDS) units relative to the general population based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics) at 20 years old. Baseline was defined as time of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys).

Changes in predicted adult height from baseline to pubertal onset, pubertal onset to final visit, and baseline to final visit. Adult height standard deviation score (SDS) was based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics) data at 20 years old. Predicted adult height at baseline was calculated using the bone age at the baseline visit or the first available bone age according to the Bayley-Pinneau method. Baseline was defined as date of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Number of prepubertal and pubertal years bone age remained unchanged. Baseline bone age was calculated using the bone age at the baseline visit or the first available bone age according to the Bayley-Pinneau method. Change in bone age from baseline to pubertal onset and pubertal onset to final visit was measured in years. Baseline was defined as date of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Changes in body mass index (BMI) were evaluated from baseline to puberty onset and puberty onset to final visit. BMI calculation was based on average of three early morning height measurements by stadiometer and weight measurement by scale for each timepoints. BMI was calculated as the standard deviation score (SDS) units relative to the general population based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics) at 20 years old. Baseline was defined as date of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was time at attainment of adult height, defined as incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on average of three early morning height measurements by stadiometer and weight measurement by scale. BMI was calculated as the standard deviation score (SDS) units relative to the general population based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics) at 20 years old. Measures evaluated at pubertal onset and at final visit. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Average annual growth (height) velocity, measured as the change in height over time relative to the population mean and adjusted for age and sex. Measured during the study period from baseline visit to pubertal onset visit (visits occurring approximately every 6 months) and from pubertal onset to adult height. Baseline was defined as date of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Dose of oral hydrocortisone participant was taking adjusted for body surface area. Dose was recorded at baseline (first visit), pubertal onset, and at adult height (final visit). Baseline was defined as date of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Average daily dose of oral hydrocortisone adjusted for body surface area. Dose was measured by developmental periods and for differences between sexes. Doses recorded at every visit, approximately every 6 months. Average dose measured from baseline to pubertal onset, from pubertal onset visit to adult height (final visit), and from baseline to adult height. Baseline was defined as date of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Percentage of visits where early morning (pre-medication) 17-hydroxyprogesterone measurements fell within the optimal range (<1,200 ng/dL) during the study period from baseline to pubertal onset and pubertal onset visit to final visit, with visits occurring approximately every 6 months. Baseline was defined as date of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Percentage of visits where early morning (pre-medication) androstenedione measurements fell within the normal range based on age and sex-specific ranges during the study period. Measurements done from baseline to pubertal onset visit, and from pubertal onset visit to adult height (final visit), with visits occurring approximately every 6 months. Baseline was defined as date of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Average testosterone based on early morning (pre-medication) testosterone levels measured for participants approximately every six months. Average testosterone measured from baseline to pubertal onset and from pubertal onset visit to adult height (final visit) by sex. Baseline was defined as date of randomization. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Number of participants with onset of early central puberty, defined as testicular volume ≥ 4 mL in males before age 10, and breast Tanner stage 2 in females before age 9.

Average age at menarche (years) in female participants only.

Number of female participants with normal menstrual cyclicity at final visit. Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Number of participants with Insulin resistance based on Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) > 2.5 at the final visit. Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a measure of insulin resistance, measured as insulin (μU/mL) × glucose (mmol/L)/22.5 at final visit. HOMA-IR value ≤ 2.5 is considered normal. HOMA-RI value > 2.5 is considered abnormal. Higher HOMA-IR value indicates greater insulin resistance. Final visit was attainment of adult, defined as height with incremental growth <1.5 cm over 12 months.

Number of male participants with testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART), measured by scrotal ultrasound, at pubertal onset visit and final visit. Pubertal onset was defined as when patients entered puberty (Tanner 2 breast in females, testicle size ≥ 4 mL in males) or completed therapy with either aromatase inhibitor and/or GnRHa (age 13 years in girls and 14 years in boys). Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Anterior posterior spine bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan at final visit. The instrument specific comparisons (in standard deviations) were made to the average peak bone mass of a normal population, i.e. to the average bone mass of persons of the same age and sex as the patient. Final visit is defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.

Femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan at final visit. The instrument specific comparisons (in standard deviations) were made to the average peak bone mass of a normal population, i.e. to the average bone mass of persons of the same age and sex as the patient. Final visit was defined as attainment of adult height with incremental growth < 1.5 cm over 12 months.