The Use of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence (ICG) During Laparoscopic Heller- Dor

Achalasia is a rare disease of motility characterized by dysfunction of low esophageal sphincter (LES). This disease is divided according to Chicago classification. Laparoscopic Heller - Dor is gold standard of types I and II Achalasia. The use of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence in recent years is becoming an interesting and innovative tool for surgical procedures. Its use is widely described in surgery The aim of our study is to value the role of ICG for this surgery. The investigators prospectively enrolled achalasic patients undergoing laparoscopic Heller -Dor .

Inclusion criteria

• patients with achalasia of type I and II
• patients undergoing laparoscopic Heller-Dor
• patients older than 18 years

Exclusion criteria

• Patients <18 years of age;
• Uncooperative patients and/or patients unable to provide informed consent
• ASA ≥4
• BMI ≥30
• Patients previously treated with other endoscopic/surgical procedures (botulinum toxin injections, dilation, POEM, myotomy)
• Patients with achalasia type III
• Patients with megaesophagus
• Allergy to dyes or contrast agents included in the protocol (e.g., indocyanine green, barium, gastrografin)