The Urinary Incontinence Treatment Study

Using a three-day voiding diary

Using a three-day voiding diary

Using a three-day voiding diary

measurement of strength using perineometer

measure of how long they can hold contraction

how many repetitions can they sustain

number of fast contractions that can be repeated

measured using the standardized Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system

expSPPB scores range from zero to 12 possible points. SPPB score of 0 indicates the lowest physical performance, and a score of 12 indicates the highest performance

measurement of exercise tolerance

maximal isokinetic knee extensor strength in the right leg will be measured at speeds of 60 degrees/sec. The left leg will be used if there is a reason not to measure the right leg.

Center-of-Pressure (COP) trajectory data will be collected using an Advanced Mechanical Incorporated (AMTI) AccuSway biomechanics force platform. Participants will be barefoot in an upright stance with arms raised comfortably at their sides, feet abducted, and heels separated. Four posturographic parameters (maximum antero-posterior and medio-lateral displacement, average sway velocity, and 95% confidence ellipse) and two statistical mechanics measures (stabilogram diffusion analysis and detrended fluctuation analysis) will be calculated to quantify postural sway according to our previously published methods.

measure of weakness

Determined based on 4-meter walk at usual speed

The SARC-F questionnaire is validated to identify adults with sarcopenia and who are at risk for adverse outcomes and may benefit from a physical function intervention. The scores range from 0 to 10, with 0 to 2 points for each component. A score equal to or greater than 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poor outcome.

calculated based upon a whole-body DEXA scan performed in the Geriatric Research Unit

a brief valid measure that assesses weekly frequency and duration of various physical activities common to older adults to evaluate the efficacy of behavioral interventions to increase levels of physical activity. Caloric expenditure (MET hours/week) will be reported.[8] 'Low activity' will be defined as <6.2 MET-hours/week of activity. Women with MET hr/week between 6.3 and 11.4 will be classified as low-moderate activity. Since only 23% of incontinent women had >11.4 MET hours/week of physical activity, this level will be defined as high activity.

Questions regarding attitudes towards physical activity considering UI symptoms and perceived barriers will be assessed. 21-item measure assessing the following barriers to physical activity: 1) lack of time, 2) social influence, 3) lack of energy, 4) lack of willpower, 5) fear of injury, 6) lack of skill, and 7) lack of resources (eg, recreational facilities, exercise equipment). Each domain contains 3 items, with a total score range of 0 to 63 with a higher score indicating a higher amount of perceived barriers.

This tool shows self-reported mobility. The score range is 30-80 and a higher score denotes better self-reported mobility.

measure of abdominal circumference will be obtained to determine obesity severity

The PGI is a single-item, 7-point scale used to assess a patient's overall perception of their condition's change after treatment. Originating from the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale used by clinicians, the PGI-I allows patients to rate their progress from "Very Much Improved" to "Very Much Worse," providing a simple, validated, and patient-centered outcome measure for various medical and psychiatric conditions. Scores range from 1 (Very Much Improved) to 7 (Very Much Worse).

Participants are asked how satisfied they are with their progress in this program. Score ranges from 1 (Completely) to 3 (Not at all)

Participants estimate how much better they are on a scale from 0% (no better) to 100% (completely better).

MoCA score ranges from 0 to 30 and is used as a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. A score of 26 or over is considered to be normal.