The Role of Social Determinants in Cardiovascular Health and Vascular Function

Primary outcomes

1. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

   Time frame: 1 year

   The PHQ-9 is a self-report measure that assesses the frequency of symptoms on each of the nine DSM-IV criteria for depression for "the last two weeks.". Total scores of 5-9 represent mild depression, 10-14 represent moderate depression, 15-19 represent moderately severe depression, and > 20 represent severe depression.

2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)

   Time frame: 1 year

   The GAD-7 is a seven-item self-report scale for identifying the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and assessing symptom severity. The items of the GAD- 7 are based on the diagnostic criteria for GAD in the DSM-IV and assess frequency of symptoms over the last two weeks. A score of 10 or greater on the GAD-7 represents a point for identifying cases of GAD. Cut points of 5, 10, and 15 represent mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety, respectively.

3. PTSD Checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5)

   Time frame: 1 year

   The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. A total symptom severity score (range - 0-80) can be obtained by summing the scores for each of the 20 items. Initial research suggests that a PCL-5 cutoff score between 31-33 is indicative of probable PTSD across samples.

4. Perceived Stress Scale

   Time frame: 1 Year

   The Perceived Stress Scale is a 10-item questionnaire widely used to assess stress levels in young people and adults aged 12 and above. It evaluates the degree to which an individual has perceived life as unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloading over the previous month. Higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived stress.

5. AAFP Social Needs Screening Tool

   Time frame: 1 year

   This tool is a 15-item questionnaire about a participant's social needs. Social need categories measured by this instrument include housing, food, childcare, employment, education, finances, personal safety, and assistance. Scoring of this instrument highlights areas in an individual's life where there may be a social need.

6. MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status

   Time frame: 1 year

   The MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status (MacArthur SSS Scale) is a two-item measure that assesses a person's perceived rank relative to others in their group. Respondents view a drawing of a ladder with 10 rungs, and either read or hear that the ladder represents where people stand in society.

7. Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)

   Time frame: 1 year

   The WHOQOL-BREF is a 26-item quality of life assessment. It looks at the domains of physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment. The four domain scores denote an individual's perception of quality of life in each particular domain.

8. Experiences of Discrimination (EOD)

   Time frame: 1 year

   The EOD is a short self-report instrument. It looks at individuals self-reported experiences of discrimination. Experiences of discrimination categories measures by this instrument include worry questions, global questions, filed complaints, major discrimination, day-to-day unfair treatment, and response to unfair treatment.

9. WHODAS 2.0 (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule)

   Time frame: 1 year

   The WHODAS is a 36-item version, self- administered assessment. This measure assesses disability across dix domains, including understanding and communicating, getting around, self-care, getting along with people, lie activities, and participation in society.

10. Social Isolation

    Time frame: 1 year

    Is a 3-item scale used to assess feelings of loneliness or social isolation. Each item has a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 3. The higher scores indicate a greater degree of loneliness.

11. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)

    Time frame: 1 year

    ACE is a 10-item measure used to measure childhood trauma. This questionnaire assesses 10 types of trauma, 5 being personal, physical abuse, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect and 5 related to family members.

12. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

    Time frame: 1 year

    PSQI is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a one-month period. This measure assesses the following subcategories, sleep quality, latency, duration, habitual sleep efficiency, disturbances use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction.

13. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

    Time frame: 1 year

    The IPAQ is a 27-item long form, assessing physical activity over the last 7 days. This measure looks at job-related physical activity, transportation physical activity, housework, house maintenance, and caring for family, recreation, sport, and leisure-time physical activity, and time spent sitting.

14. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10)

    Time frame: 1 year

    CD-RISC-10 is a 10-item self-report scale measuring resilience. This scale measures resilience and how well an individual is equipped to bounce back after stressful events, tragedy, or trauma. Each item has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 4. Total scores range from 0 to 40. A higher score indicates higher resilience.

15. Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription drug, and illicit Substance use Electronic Spanish Platform (TAPS-ESP)

    Time frame: 1 year

    TAPS is a two-stage screening and brief assessment tool that first screens the four broad substance abuse categories (tobacco, alcohol, prescription drug misuse, and illicit substances), then branches to the brief assessment in which the individual is assessed for more specific risks related to an expanded array of substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamines, prescription stimulants, heroin, prescription opioids, sedatives, and other substances).