First Heroes: Engaging Fathers in the First 1000 Days

Defined as an increase in weight-for-age z-score of >0.67 units from birth to 6-months of infant age

Defined as an increase in weight-for-age z-score of >0.67 units from birth to 12-months of infant age

Weight-for-length ≥97.7th percentile based on World Health Organization (WHO) standards

Weight-for-length ≥95 percentile based on Center for Disease Control

Difference between 6-month postpartum weight and pre-pregnancy weight in kilograms.

Difference between 12-month postpartum weight and pre-pregnancy weight in kilograms.

Average weekly intake of fruits and vegetables

Frequent intake of fruits and vegetables, measured as those endorsing "nearly daily" or more often.

Days per week physically active for at least 30 minutes per day

Self-report (Yes/No) of participation in any moderate-vigorous physical activity. Percentage below represents those endorsing YES to participating in moderate vigorous physical activity.

Endorsing PCP visit in the past year.

Mean change in paternal BMI from baseline to 6 months postpartum, calculated by weight in kilograms and height in meters to report BMI in kg/m^2.

Mean change in paternal obesity calculated by weight in kilograms and height in meters to report BMI in kg/m^2.

Prevalence of BMI≥30 kg/m2 calculated by weight in kilograms and height in meters.

Endorsement of PCP visit in the past year.

Frequent intake of fruits and vegetables, measured as those endorsing "nearly daily" or more often.

Average daily intake of fruits and vegetables

Days per week physically active for at least 30 minutes per day

Participation in moderate/vigorous physical activity (Responding YES)

Perceived Stress Scale - 4-item validated scale; Scores range from 0 to 16, with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress.

Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2), scored from 0 to 6 with higher scores indicating increased risk. For purposes of this measure, 'low depression risk' included score 0-2 and 'depression risk' included score 3-6.

The percentage reported below represents those with "Increased depression risk (3-6)"

Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2); PHQ-2 positive screen, Total score: 0-6; ≥ 3 → positive depression screen

Self-reported response questionnaire - has infant ever been breastfed?

Age (months) at introduction of solid foods.

Responding YES to the question: "Does your family currently receive benefits from WIC?"

National Survey of American Families - 2-item validated scale, response of YES to either question was determined positive screen ((1) During the last 12 months, was there a time when you and your family were not able to pay your mortgage, rent or utility bills? (2) During the last 12 months, did you or your children move in with other people even for a little while because you could not afford to pay your mortgage, rent or utility bills?)

Hager 2-question validated scale - responded YES to either of two questions relating to household food insecurity ((1) Within the past 12 months we worried whether our food would run out before we got money to buy more (2) Within the past 12 months the food we bought just didn't last and we didn't have money to get more)