The Prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The Turkish validity and reliability studies of the scale developed by Patrick et al. (1999) to determine the quality of life of patients with urinary incontinence were conducted by Özerdoğan et al. There are 22 questions in the scale and each question is evaluated with a Likert-type scale divided into five categories (1: very much, 2: quite, 3: moderately, 4: a little, 5: not at all). IQOL has three sub-dimensions: limiting behaviour, psychological impact and limiting social life. The total score of the scale ranges from 0-100 and it is concluded that the higher the score, the better the quality of life level.

Quality of life will be evaluated using the SGRQ, which includes symptoms, activity, and impact domains.

Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating poorer quality of life.

The ICIQ-SF was developed by the International Consultation on Incontinence to assess the frequency, severity and impact of incontinence. The scale consists of four dimensions. The first dimension assesses how often incontinence occurs, the second dimension assesses the amount of incontinence, the third dimension assesses the effect of incontinence on daily life and the last dimension assesses the conditions that cause incontinence. The first three dimensions are included in the scoring and the fourth dimension is used to determine the type of incontinence. The total score of the scale varies between 0-21 and an increase in score indicates an increase in severity.

Turkish validity and reliability studies of the ICIQ-MLUTS scale developed by the International Consultation on Incontinence to evaluate lower urinary system symptoms in male individuals were conducted by Mertoğlu et al. The scale consists of 13 items in total. 5 items question voiding symptoms, 6 items question storage symptoms, frequent daytime urination and number of nighttime urination. The items in the storage and voiding subsections question the presence and severity of the symptom and rate it according to a Likert scale (0: Never, 1: Rarely, 2: Occasionally, 3: Mostly, 4: Always). The voiding symptom score of the scale is 0-20 and the storage symptom score is 0-24.

The Incontinence Questionnaire - Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Long Form (ICIQ-FLUTS-LF) was divided into 6 subgroups of symptom measurements, which were storage, voiding, incontinence, bladder pain, post-micturition, and ability to stop voiding. Each severity item is rated from 0 to 4, and each bothersome item from 0 to 10. The total severity score ranges from 0 to 20, and the total bothersome score ranges from 0 to 50. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

according to the subscales of this test: pelvic floor function/dysfunction (8 items), risk factors of pelvic floor dysfunctions (18 items), and diagnosis and treatment of 11 items. All items were created simply and understandably with three response categories: "yes," "no," and "I do not know." A dichotomous system was used for scoring: "1" point for the items that were answered correctly and "0" points for the items that were answered incorrectly or unknown.

The participants read and indicated their agreement levels (agree, disagree, do not know) with 24 items (12 items for each subscale) in this knowledge scale. Each item has a correct response, and the participants were given a "1" point if they have marked that response. Incorrect, missing, or "don't know" answers were scored as "0" points. Scores of subscales (0-12 points), and the overall scale (0-24 points) were calculated, and higher scores indicated a higher level of knowledge.