Motor Imagery in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Developed to assess imagery ability, the questionnaire aims to determine the extent to which individuals visualize and feel the movements they imagine. The KVIQ-20 consists of 10 visual and 10 kinesthetic items that assess head, shoulders, trunk, upper extremity, and lower extremity movements. All 10 movements are performed in a sitting position. The KVIQ uses a 5-point scale to rate the clarity of imagery (Visual subscale) and the intensity of sensations (Kinesthetic subscale); a score of 5 corresponds to the highest level of imagery and a score of 1 corresponds to the lowest level of imagery. During the test, bilateral assessments are performed. A validity and reliability study for the Turkish version was conducted by Dilek and colleagues. Individuals will be instructed to use a first-person perspective during the MI.

The Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) will be used to assess the temporal correspondence between real and imagined movement. The test material consists of nine standard-sized small pegs and a wooden board with nine holes to insert them. The NHPT will be administered with the patient in a sitting position. The patient will be asked to place nine pegs in a box on a table as quickly as possible into the holes of another box, and once completed, immediately remove them and place them back in the same box. The test will be performed with the dominant hand. The test time will be measured with a stopwatch, starting when the hand touches the pegs and ending when the last peg is placed in the box. Subjects will then be asked to imagine performing the NHPT without performing any movement. The time will be started with the command "start," and the subject will mentally imagine the NHPT without actually performing any movement. Upon completion of the test, the time will be stopped when the word "stop" is

Mental rotation is one of the visual-spatial abilities and can be simply defined as the rotation of objects in 3D. The hand laterality test (hand identification test), one of the subcomponents of mental rotation, will be assessed using the Recognise Hand mobile app. The app was developed and released by NOI Group™. The Recognise Hand app has been shown to accurately measure left-hand-right discrimination and reaction time as part of a stepwise motor imagery rehabilitation program. The app will use a "Vanilla" mode, displaying 20 images at 5-second intervals. Patients will be instructed to respond as quickly as possible whether the image is the right or left hand.

This is a questionnaire used to determine dominant handedness. Individuals mark on the questionnaire which hand they prefer to use during 10 different activities of daily living (drawing, writing, throwing, using scissors, brushing teeth, using a knife, using a spoon, using a broom, lighting a match, and opening a jar). Once the individual has completed their markings, the values for the right and left hands are calculated separately. The left hand score is subtracted from the right hand score, divided by the sum of the right and left hand scores, and the resulting value is multiplied by 100. The total score ranges from 100 to -100. Subjects scoring above 40 are recorded as right-handed; subjects scoring between 40 and -40 are recorded as both-handed; and subjects scoring below -40 are recorded as left-handed. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire in Turkish was conducted by Uysal et al.