Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT01363076

The Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac Tromethamine Administered Intranasally (IN) for Postoperative Pain in Children Aged 12 Through 17 Years

This was an open-label PK study in pediatric subjects who had undergone general surgery. Each subject's study participation consisted of a screening visit, a single-dose treatment with intranasal ketorolac (IN) tromethamine, and a follow-up visit.

Following surgery, subjects received IN ketorolac 15 mg (weight < 50 kg) or 30 mg (weight > or = 50 kg) when pain relief was indicated. For pain not relieved by the study drug, the subjects had access to an opioid analgesic administered by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained at specified time points following the dose of ketorolac.

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Postoperative Pain Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pain, Postoperative Pathologic Processes Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Postoperative Complications Signs and Symptoms

Age range

12 year–17 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Phase 1

Primary location

Stanford University Medical Center

Stanford, California, 94305, United States

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Children aged 12 through 17 years
  • Body weight > or = 30 kg and < or = 100 kg
  • Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test result prior to entry into the study
  • A legal representative able to provide written informed consent
  • Willing and able to comply with all testing and requirements defined in the protocol
  • Willing and able to complete the posttreatment visit

Exclusion criteria

  • Allergy or sensitivity to ketorolac or ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)
  • Allergic reaction to aspirin or other NSAIDs
  • Had an upper respiratory tract infection or other respiratory tract condition (eg, active allergic rhinitis) that could interfere with the absorption of the nasal spray or with the assessment of AEs
  • Use of any IN product within 24 hours prior to study entry
  • Clinically significant abnormality on screening laboratory tests
  • History of cocaine use resulting in nasal mucosal damage
  • History of peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding
  • Had advanced renal impairment or a risk for renal failure due to volume depletion
  • A history of any other clinically significant medical problem, which in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with study participation
  • Participation within 30 days of study entry or within 5 times the half-life, whichever is longer, in another investigational drug study
  • Allergy or significant reaction to opioids
  • Was pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Previously participated in this study
  • The surgical procedure involved head, neck, oral, or nasal surgery

Treatment and study plan

Ketorolac Tromethamine

Drug

Single IN dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing <50 kg.

Primary outcomes

  1. Cmax (the Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration)

    Time frame: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

    Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

  2. Tmax (The Time to Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration; ie. The Time at Which Cmax Occured)

    Time frame: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

    Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Pro. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac. Individual plasma ketorolac concentrations were summarized by dose level for the PK population at each sampling time using n, arithmetic mean, SD, CV(%), geometric mean, 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the arithmetic mean, median, minimum, and maximum.

  3. AUClast (the Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to the Last Quantifiable Timepoint Post-dose)

    Time frame: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

    Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

  4. AUCinf (the AUC Time From Zero to Infinity, Where Possible)

    Time frame: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

    Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Pro. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac. AUCinf calculated as: AUCinf = AUC(0-24) + (concentration at 24 hr/elimination constant).

  5. AUC 0-24 (the AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours Post-dose

    Time frame: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

    Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

  6. t1/2 (the Terminal Half-life, Where Possible)

    Time frame: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

    Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

  7. MRT (Mean Residence Time)

    Time frame: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

    Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Egalet Ltd

Industry

Registry information

Official study title

A Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac Tromethamine Administered Intranasally (IN) for Postoperative Pain in Children Aged 12 Through 17 Years

Important dates

Study start
2007
Primary completion
2008
Study completion
2008
First posted
Jun 1, 2011
Registry last updated
Mar 16, 2017

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Related clinical trials

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.