The Efficacy and Safety of Temozolomide in SDH-deficient GIST

Wild type GISTs are less responsive to imatinib with a response rate of 23.1-44.6% and a median progressiion-free survival of 12.3-12.8 months. The efficacy of imatinib is limited in particular in SDH deficienctGIST with a reported response of 2%. Therefore, the development of a new therapeutic agents is urgently needed.

Recently, a study of TKI-resistant SDH-deficient preclinical model showed that temozolomide, an alkylating agent, promotes DNA damage in tumor cells, leading to tumor cell killing. In a retrospective analysis, 2 out of 5 SDH deficient GIST patients treated with temozolomide showed partial response, suggesting its efficacy in this patient population.

Based on these findings,The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the efficacy and safety of temozolomide in SDH deficiency GIST patients. In addition, for exploratory purposes, aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of temozolomide in KIT and PDGFRA wild-type GIST without SDH deficiency.

Inclusion criteria

• Age 20 years or older, at the time of acquisition of informed consent
• Histologically confirmed GIST with CD117(+), DOG-1(+)
• Wild type GIST without KIT or PDGFRα gene mutations determined by Sanger sequencing and panel sequencing
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 ~ 2
• Resolution of all adverse events with prior treatments to grade 0 or 1 by NCI-CTCAE version 5.0
• At least one measurable lesion by RECIST version 1.1.
• Adequate bone marrow, hepatic, renal, and other organ functions, before adjuvant imatinib treatment

• Neutrophil >1,500/mm3
• Platelet > 100,000/mm3
• Hemoglobin >8.0 g/dL
• Total bilirubin < 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• AST/ALT < 2.5 x ULN
• Creatinine <1.5 x ULN
• Life expectancy ≥12 weeks
• Disease progression or discontinuation of treatment due to intolerable toxicity at least with palliative 1st line imatinib .
• Washout period of previous TKIs or chemotherapy for more than 4 times the half life ((Imitinib and regorafenib need 1 week and sunitinib need 2 weeks.)
• Provision of a signed written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Confirmed GIST with KIT or PDGFRα gene mutations determined by Sanger sequencing and panel sequencing
• Women of child-bearing potential who are pregnant or breast feeding
• Women or men who are not willing to use effective contraception entering the study period or until at least 6 months after the last study drug administration
• If any of the following applies within ≤ 6 months prior to starting study enrollment : Myocardial Infarction, severe instable angina, coronary/peripheral bypass, NYHA class III or IV congestive heart failure, stroke or transient ischemic attack, treatment required severe arrhythmia
• Uncontrolled infection
• Acute and chronic liver disease and all chronic liver impairment.(But Patients with stable chronic hepatitis B are eligible
• Acute, or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality such as active uncontrolled infection that difficult to study participation in the judgment of the investigator
• Known diagnosis of HIV infection (HIV testing is not mandatory).
• History of another primary malignancy that is currently clinically significant or currently requires active intervention.
• Alcohol or substance abuse disorder
• The patients with NTRK fusion

5)