The Effects of Video-Based and Practical Newborn Bathing Education Provided to Primiparous Pregnant Women During the Third Trimester on Knowledge, Anxiety, and Bonding During the First Bath: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Primary outcomes

1. Knowledge Level of Mothers on Newborn Bathing

   Time frame: average 3 months

   The Newborn Bathing Knowledge Test was developed by the researchers based on the literature to determine the knowledge levels of mothers about newborn bathing. In the knowledge test, there are a total of 20 questions under 10 main topics including "bath time, bathing materials, ambient temperature, water temperature, umbilical cord care, soap and shampoo use, maintaining newborn body temperature, bathing procedure sequence, safety during bathing, drying after bathing and dressing". The questions were prepared in multiple-choice and true/false design, and each question had only one correct answer. The women's answers to the questions were evaluated after the completion of the test and each correctly answered question was evaluated as five points and the total score ranged from 0-100. The higher the score obtained from the knowledge test, the higher the women's level of knowledge about newborn bathing.

2. Anxiety level of women

   Time frame: average 3 months

   Anxiety level of women will be assessed by using Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory. The scale was developed to measure the state anxiety levels of normal and abnormal individuals and adapted into Turkish by Öner and Le Compte. It is a self-assessment type scale consisting of short statements. The State Anxiety Inventory was developed to measure a person's anxiety at a specific moment and consists of 20 items. In the evaluation of the scale, it is accepted that those who score below 36 have no anxiety, those who score between 37 and 42 have mild anxiety and those who score 42 and above have high anxiety.

3. Womens bonding levels

   Time frame: average 3 months

   Womens bonding level will be assessed using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). The PBQ was first developed to assess mother-infant attachment. It was revised to identify problems in the mother-infant relationship. The scale was adapted into Turkish by Dişsiz et al. in 2024. The six-point Likert-type scale has 21 items to measure the mothers attachment to the infant within a year. As the score obtained from the scale increases, the mothers bonding to the baby decreases.