The Effect of Urea Cream on Sorafenib-associated Hand-Foot Skin Reaction

Sorafenib is multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It blocks path that such as Raf-1, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR), Platelet-Drived Growth Factor Receptor-β (PDGFR-β), c-Jit, Flt-3. Sorafenib was known to increase life rate about processed hepatocellular carcinoma. So it is advised as standard treatment for liver cancer patient who has processed Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) disease period C.

Sorafenib related side effect has reported such as fatigue, diarrhea, vomit, nausea, pruritus, depilation, Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR). Among the symptoms, Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR) is the most occurrence after using sorafenib and major reason of drug dose de-escalation, it function as decrease anti-cancer effect of sorafenib. It is known for the reason of Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR) occurrence is caused by tyrosine kinase inhibitive action, and its characteristic symptom is known as keratocyte necrosis, dermal edema, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis. The level is categorized grade 1,2,3 according to the severity.

The result of meta-analysis of 24 clinical trials that contained 6000 patients, Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR) occured 39% of sorafenib used patients and 9% of total patients had grade 3 Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR). But prevalence rate on hepatocellular carcinoma patients who used sorafenib is about 51% on Japanese, 45% on Asia-pacific patient (inclusive Korean) and 73.6% on Chinese. Prevalence rate of Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR) is different from result of each study, but about 50% of sorafenib used patients has had Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR) generally and Asian has more higher degree of prevalence rate. Therefore, prevent and care of Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR) on Korean hepatocellular carcinoma patients who used sorafenib is required.

Urea cream is typical representative for prevention and care of Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR). As stability-guaranteed drug, it is relatively cheap, locally affect and has used for psoriasis treatment. Also it is known for curative effacement on Hand-Foot Skin Reaction(HFSR) after use tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as sorafenib, sunitinib.

Therefore, it needs complementary study as double-blinded placebo-controlled trial and effect of urea cream on Korean patient group.

Inclusion criteria

• Patient who was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, and was accompanied by impossible for radical treatment in disease period or do not reaction for local treatment, and the first time for sorafenib injection.
• Standard of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis (2014, The Korean Liver Cancer Association)

• Suitable on hepatocellular carcinoma pathologically
• Hepatic nodule size over 1 cm on high-risk patients(hepatitis B virus positive, hepatitis C virus positive and liver cirrhosis) that identified by ultrasonography : In the case of suitable on hepatocellular carcinoma on over in one or two more dynamic contrast enhanced CT, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, or MRI with Gadolinium Ethoxybenzyl Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)
• Hepatic nodule size under 1 cm on high-risk patients that identified by ultrasonography : serum Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) elevated over normal range constantly when hepatitis activity was restrained, and the case of suitable on hepatocellular carcinoma on over in two more the above image diagnoses

Exclusion criteria

• Unsuitable on inclusion criteria
• Patient who has had systemic anticancer therapy before (including sorafenib)
• Patient who is receiving another treatment to hepatocellular carcinoma recent 3 weeks (allow to local treatment of metastasis lesion only)
• Pregnant or Breastfeeding
• Urea cream contraindication patient (Acute eczema, Inflammatory dermatopathy and Hypersensitivity on Urea and Methylparaben)