The Effect of Mandala Coloring on Anxiety and Mental Fatigue in Pregnant Women Diagnosed With Threatened Preterm Labor

It was developed by Brunton et al. (2019), which can be applied to primiparous and multiparous pregnant women, and adapted into Turkish by Şolt and Kanza Gül (2020). The scale is a 4-point Likert-type scale with 9 sub-dimensions: "Birth-Related Anxiety" (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), "Body Image Anxiety" (items 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11), "Attitudes Towards Birth" (items 12, 13, 14), "Concerns About Motherhood" (items 15, 16, 17), "Acceptance of Pregnancy" (items 18, 19, 20), "Anxiety Indicators" (items 21, 22, 23, and 24), "Attitudes Towards Healthcare Personnel" (items 25, 26, and 27), "Avoidance" (items 28, 29, and 30) and "Attitudes Towards the Baby" (items 29, 30, and 40). It consists of a total of 33 items, including "Anxiety" (items 31, 32 and 33). The lowest score is 33 and the highest is 132, and there is no cut-off point. As the scores obtained from the scale increase, anxiety related to pregnancy increases. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was stated as 0.82 for multipa

It is a scale consisting of 20 questions developed by Speilberger et al. (1983) (Öner, 1997; Öner & Le Compte, 1985). It was adapted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1974-1977) (Öner, 1997; Öner & Le Compte, 1985). The emotions or behaviors expressed in the items of the scale consist of the following options according to the severity of the experience: 1) Not at all, 2) A little, 3) A lot, and 4) Completely. Items 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20 of the scale are reverse-coded. The total score obtained from the scale varies between 20 and 80 (Öner, 1997; Öner & Le Compte, 1985). A high score indicates a high level of anxiety, a low score indicates a low level of anxiety.

It is a multidimensional questionnaire consisting of 15 questions designed by Johansson et al. (2010). The scale covers sleep, sensory, emotional and cognitive areas, mental recovery and 24-hour changes. The cut-off score of the original scale was determined as 10.5. A score above this score indicates a problem, although not always serious (Johansson et al., 2010). The Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale with nurses was conducted by Güven et al. (2023) and mental fatigue states were assessed with 12 items. The questions include general fatigue, lack of initiative, mental fatigue, mental recovery, concentration difficulties, memory problems, slowness in thinking, sensitivity to stress, increased tendency to become emotional, irritability, sensitivity to light and noise, decreased or increased sleep, and 24-hour changes in symptoms. Each question has 4 descriptive rating options (0-3).