The Effect of Escape Room-Based Bladder Catheterization Training on Nursing Students' Academic Achievement, Problem-Solving Skills, and Motivation: A Mixed-Methods Study

Primary outcomes

1. Academic Achievement

   Time frame: At Baseline, immediately after the intervention

   Academic achievement will be measured using a researcher-developed theoretical and practical knowledge test on bladder catheterization. The test includes multiple-choice and skill-based items aligned with clinical guidelines. Higher scores indicate greater knowledge and procedural competence.

2. Problem-Solving Ability

   Time frame: At Baseline, immediately after the intervention

   Problem-solving skills will be assessed using the Problem Solving Inventory (Heppner & Petersen). This validated scale measures students' perceptions of their problem-solving ability. Higher scores indicate lower perceived problem-solving ability (reverse scoring will be considered in interpretation).

3. Motivation Level

   Time frame: At Baseline, immediately after the intervention

   Students' motivation will be measured using the Motivation Scale for Game-Based Learning Strategies, originally developed by Manzano-León et al. (2021) and adapted into Turkish by Küçükibiş and Eskiler (2022). The scale evaluates students' motivation across various dimensions related to game-based learning environments using Likert-type items. A higher total score indicates a higher level of motivation toward learning through gamification.