The Effect of Different Types of Music on Pain and Anxiety During Wound Care Procedures in Patients With Venous Ulcers

The music intervention was prepared by a music therapy specialist. Patients in the intervention groups listened only to the music portion of the therapy via a USB player. The music was played continuously and repeatedly in the outpatient clinic for approximately 30-60 minutes (for patients whose dressing lasted at least 30-45 minutes) at a moderate volume of 20-45 dB (sufficient to avoid interfering with speech or communication). To enhance the effectiveness of music therapy, the listening experience was structured with gradual variations in tempo and dynamics. Major tonal sequences were preferred to stimulate neural activity. The selected pieces included instrumental Western Classical music and Turkish music (Nihavend makam), starting at a tempo of 60 bpm (Adagio) and gradually increasing to 100 bpm (Andante). Examples include W.A. Mozart's Flute and Horn Concertos for Western Classical music, and instrumental compositions in the Nihavend makam for Turkish music.

The music intervention was prepared by a music therapy specialist. Patients in the intervention groups listened only to the music portion of the therapy via a USB player. The music was played continuously and repeatedly in the outpatient clinic for approximately 30-60 minutes (for patients whose dressing lasted at least 30-45 minutes) at a moderate volume of 20-45 dB (sufficient to avoid interfering with speech or communication).[22] To enhance the effectiveness of music therapy, the listening experience was structured with gradual variations in tempo and dynamics. Major tonal sequences were preferred to stimulate neural activity. The selected pieces included instrumental Western Classical music and Turkish music (Nihavend makam), starting at a tempo of 60 bpm (Adagio) and gradually increasing to 100 bpm (Andante). Examples include W.A. Mozart's Flute and Horn Concertos for Western Classical music, and instrumental compositions in the Nihavend makam for Turkish music.