Symptom Patterns and Life With Longer Term COVID-19 in Children and Young People (SPLaT-19 Cohort & Qualitative Study)

Introduction:

While there is a substantial body of knowledge about acute Covid-19 in children and young people (CYP), less is known about long-COVID, where symptoms continue beyond four weeks, particularly since the most recent wave of the Omicron variant and the UK childhood vaccination programme roll out. This study aims to provide a picture of longer-term effects of an acute Covid-19 infection in CYP and identify their needs.

Methods and analysis:

The study comprises an observational prospective cohort study and a linked qualitative study. The cohort study will identify CYP aged 8-17 years in the West Midlands of England and, irrespective of Covid-19 status, invite them to complete an online questionnaire at point of recruitment, and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. CYP who have experienced long-term effects of COVID-19 will be invited to interview and, those who are currently experiencing symptoms, will be invited to record their experiences in a diary. Adults working in professional or third sector/voluntary roles with CYP will be invited to take part in a focus group to explore the perceived impact of Long-COVID on the wider experience of CYP. Approximately 900 participants will be needed for the cohort study to ensure the sample size is suitable, with approximately 20 CYP invited to interview and approximately 8 professionals invited to a focus group. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe incidence rates of symptoms and symptom resolution trajectories, and comparisons made between exposed and non-exposed groups. Logistic regression models will be used to estimate associations between candidate predictors and development of Long-COVID at each follow-up point. Linear regression will be used to estimate associations between candidate predictors and poor outcome in terms of health-related quality of life, as described by the KIDSCREEN10. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically using the constant comparison method.

Ethics and dissemination:

Research Ethics Committee and Health Research Authority approvals will be sought. Information about where to seek support will be provided to participants to mitigate against risks of harm. Study findings will be presented at conferences and published in open access journals.