Study on Gynecological Laparoscopy Under Total Intravenous Anesthesia

To investigate the effect of preemptive analgesia with tartaric acid butorphanol on postoperative pain in gynecological laparoscopy under total intravenous anesthesia with remifentanil.This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 60 patients undergoing elective gynaecological laparoscopy. The patients were divided into two groups: the butorphanol group (n = 30), who received 0.02 mg/kg of tartaric acid butorphanol intravenously 30 minutes prior to anaesthesia induction, and the control group (n = 29), who received the same volume of normal saline. Both groups received TIVA with propofol and remifentanil. The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain at rest and on movement at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. The secondary outcomes were the total consumption of rescue analgesics, the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and the patient satisfaction score.

Inclusion criteria

• women patients, aged 18-65 years, with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II
• undergoing elective gynaecological laparoscopy for benign diseases

Exclusion criteria

• patients who had an allergy or contraindication to any study drug
• had chronic pain or opioid use
• had a history of substance abuse or psychiatric disorders
• were pregnant or lactating
• had a severe cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic or haematological disease
• had a body mass index >30 kg/m2
• had an inability to understand or cooperate with study procedures