Study of the Anti-FGF23 Antibody, Burosumab, in Adults With XLH

XLH is a rare, genetic disorder that is serious, chronically debilitating and represents an unmet medical need. XLH is the most common inherited form of rickets and the most common inherited defect in renal tubular phosphate transport. XLH is transmitted as an X-linked dominant disorder. Mutations resulting in the loss of function of PHEX form the genetic basis for XLH. More than 300 different PHEX gene mutations have been identified in patients with XLH (PHEXdb); however, few definitive correlations have been observed between specific mutations and phenotypic severity.

Patients with XLH have hypophosphatemia due to excessive serum FGF23 levels. FGF23 reduces serum phosphorus levels by two distinct mechanisms of action. The primary mechanism is to inhibit phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney. The secondary mechanism is to decrease phosphate absorption by the small intestine through the inhibition of 1,25(OH)2D production in the kidney.

Burosumab has the potential to block or reduce FGF23 action and improve phosphate homeostasis in XLH patients. Burosumab binds the amino-terminal domain of FGF23 that interacts with the FGF-binding portion of the combination FGFR1/Klotho receptor, preventing FGF23 from binding to and signaling from its receptor. Both intact and fragmented FGF23 polypeptides are immunoprecipitated with burosumab. By inhibiting FGF23, burosumab restores tubular reabsorption of phosphate (as measured by the ratio of renal tubular maximum reabsorption rate of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate [TmP/GFR]) from the kidney and increases the production of 1,25(OH)2D that also enhances intestinal absorption of phosphate. The dual action on kidney reabsorption and intestinal absorption improves serum phosphorus levels, which is expected to improve bone mineralization and reduce the diverse bone and non-bone manifestations associated with hypophosphatemia in XLH patients.

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects who provide written informed consent after the nature of the study has been explained, and prior to any research-related procedures.
• Subjects who participated in Study UX023-CL303 or UX023-CL304. Any subjects that did not complete Study UX023-CL303 or UX023-CL304 may be included on a case-by-case basis. Subjects' enrolment is not dependent on any response to Primary or Secondary endpoints in studies UX023-CL303 or UX023-CL304.
• Willing to provide access to prior medical records for the collection of historical growth, biochemical and radiographic data, and disease history.
• Must, in the opinion of the investigator, be willing and able to complete all aspects of the study, adhere to the study visit schedule and comply with the assessments.
• Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test at Screening and be willing to have additional pregnancy tests during the study. Females considered not to be of child-bearing potential include those who have been in menopause for at least two years prior to Screening, or have had tubal ligation at least one year prior to Screening, or have had a total hysterectomy or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. If sexually active, male and female subjects must be willing to use one highly effective method of contraception for the duration of the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia, defined as serum calcium levels outside the age-adjusted normal limits and deemed as clinically significant in the opinion of the investigator.
• Presence of a concurrent disease or condition that would interfere with study participation or affect safety in the opinion of the investigator or Sponsor.
• Use of any investigational product other than burosumab or investigational medical device within 30 days prior to Screening, or requirement for any investigational agent prior to completion of all scheduled study assessments.
• Subjects with major protocol deviations in Study UX023-CL303 or UX023-CL304 which in the view of the investigator places the subject at high risk of poor treatment compliance or of not completing the study.
• Subjects who discontinued treatment from Study UX023-CL303 or UX023-CL304 due to either a grade ≥3 treatment-related hypersensitivity reaction or a burosumab-related hypersensitivity reaction reported as a SAE.