Structured Group Therapy in Reducing Depression and Anxiety in Pakistan

Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, are prevalent in Pakistan and significantly affect the emotional, social, and occupational well-being of individuals. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), depression is the leading cause of disability globally, and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions in Pakistan, affecting millions.

In the Pakistani context, stigma surrounding mental illness, lack of awareness, and limited access to mental health services create substantial barriers to care. Group therapy, which provides a collective support system and skill-building strategies, can be an effective modality in addressing these challenges. Structured group therapy offers participants a sense of community, reduces feelings of isolation, and provides a platform for learning coping strategies within a culturally sensitive framework.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in group settings to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, enhance emotional resilience, and improve social support among Pakistani individuals struggling with these conditions.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults (18-65 years)
• Diagnosed with moderate to severe depression
• Residing in urban or rural areas of Pakistan
• Willingness to attend 12 weekly group therapy sessions and comply with the study protocol

Exclusion criteria

• Severe psychiatric disorders (e.g., psychosis, bipolar disorder)
• Ongoing substance abuse or severe substance use disorder
• Participation in other therapeutic interventions (e.g., individual therapy or group therapy) during the study period
• Cognitive impairments that would interfere with participation