An ISO Principle-Based Music Intervention for Reducing Stress, Anxiety, and Depression

Measured by the Occupational Stress Inventory Revised - Personal Strain Questionnaire (OSIR-PSQ). Participants complete the questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention to assess levels of personal strain related to work stress.

The total scores range from 40 to 200, with higher scores indicating greater occupational stress.

Assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Measures general anxiety symptoms before and after the intervention. The total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety severity.

Assessed using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Evaluates depressive symptoms at baseline and post-intervention. The total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater depression severity.

Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) used to assess subjective feelings of stress at multiple time points during the study. The score ranges from 1 to 100, with higher score indicating greater subjective stressful feelings.

Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) used to assess subjective feelings of anxiety at multiple time points during the study. The score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater subjective anxious feelings.

Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) used to assess subjective feelings of depression at multiple time points during the study. The score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater subjective depressive feelings.

Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) used to measure emotional valence, arousal, and dominance immediately after each music listening session. The score of each dimension ranges from 1 to 9. Higher score of valence indicates more positive emotion. Higher score of arousal indicates greater emotional intensity. Higher score of dominance indicates stronger control of emotion.

An acceptability survey used to assess participants' acceptability of questionnaire completion and music listening, and to identify any barriers encountered. The survey is administered once after the completion of the music intervention on Day 6. Acceptability items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale, while barriers are indicated as "Yes" or "No".

Engagement assessed after each music intervention session from Day 2 to Day 6. The measure includes a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for engagement (0-100) and an open-text item recording whether participants were engaged in other activities simultaneously during music listening.

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) used to capture psychological states relevant to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) before each music listening session. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale, assessing domains such as the Negative Valence System (e.g., threat, loss) and the Positive Valence System (e.g., reward responsiveness, approach motivation). Sleep quality is assessed only during the morning measurement, and physical activity is assessed only during the final measurement of the day.

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) used to monitor transient emotional symptoms before each music listening session. Symptoms include anxiety, sadness, irritability, and anhedonia, each rated on a 7-point Likert scale to reflect momentary severity.

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) used to assess work-related stress before each music listening session. The assessment comprises five Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) items (0-100), measuring workplace tension, sense of control, confidence, irritability, and overall work pressure. Higher scores indicate greater stress or functional impairment.